Search results for "PREFERENCES"

Morphological similarities between DBM and a microeconomic model of sprawl

2010

JEL classification : C61; C63; D62; R21; R40; International audience; We present a model that simulates the growth of a metropolitan area on a 2D lattice. The model is dynamic and based on microeconomics. Households show preferences for nearby open spaces and neighbourhood density. They compete on the land market. They travel along a road network to access the CBD. A planner ensures the connectedness and maintenance of the road network. The spatial pattern of houses, green spaces and road network self-organises, emerging from agents individualistic decisions. We perform several simulations and vary residential preferences. Our results show morphologies and transition phases that are similar…

Social transmission in the wild can reduce predation pressure on novel prey signals

2021

Funder: Suomen Kulttuurirahasto (Finnish Cultural Foundation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003125

Incorporating stand level risk management options into forest decision support systems

2018

Aim of study:  To examine methods of incorporating risk and uncertainty to stand level forest decisions. Area of study: A case study examines a small forest holding from Jonkoping, Sweden. Material and methods: We incorporate empirically estimated uncertainty into the simulation through a Monte Carlo approach when simulating the forest stands for the next 100 years. For the iterations of the Monte Carlo approach, errors were incorporated into the input data which was simulated according to the Heureka decision support system. Both the Value at Risk and the Conditional Value at Risk of the net present value are evaluated for each simulated stand. Main results: Visual representation of the er…

Monotonous consumption of fibre-enriched bread at breakfast increases satiety and influences subsequent food intake

2012

Research report; International audience; This study aimed to observe the influence of the monotonous consumption of two types of fibre-enriched bread at breakfast on hedonic liking for the bread, subsequent hunger and energy intake. Two groups of unrestrained normal weight participants were given either white sandwich bread (WS) or multigrain sandwich bread (MG) at breakfast (the sensory properties of the WS were more similar to the usual bread eaten by the participants than those of the MG). In each group, two 15-day cross-over conditions were set up. During the experimental condition the usual breakfast of each participant was replaced by an isocaloric portion of plain bread (WS or MG). D…

Influence of substrate oxidation on the reward system, no role of dietary fibre.

2011

International audience; It has been suggested that a high intake of dietary fibre helps regulate energy intake and satiety. The present study aimed to examine whether dietary fibre influenced the liking and wanting components of the food reward system, the metabolic state or subsequent intake. Five sessions involving 32 normal-weight subjects (16 men and 16 women, 30.6 ± 7.6 year) were held. The sessions differed in the composition of the bread eaten during breakfasts (dietary fibre content varied from 2.4 to 12.8 g/100 g). Several factors such as the palatability, weight, volume, energy content and macronutrient composition of the breakfasts were adjusted. Energy expenditure, the respirato…

A family of distances for preference–approvals

2022

Producción Científica

Impact of Demographic Differences on Color Preferences in the Interface Design of e-Services in Latvia

2018

In our study, we test users’ color preferences of interfaces of typical electronic services’ (e-services) environment. The motivation of our study is to explore discrepancy between (a) the high degree of availability of e-services in Latvia, and (b) low usage of these e-services among population. We aim to find the regularities regarding color preferences that could be useful in the development of e-services and that could support the rise of the usage of e-services in future. Although there are several reasons why people avoid using e-services (some of them socio-cognitive, some – technological), we would like to focus on a particular aspect – the colors of e-services interface. In particu…

Precarious workers' choices about unemployment insurance membership after the Ghent system reform : The Finnish experience

2019

The literature on the Ghent system has focused on the link between voluntary unemployment insurance and union membership in terms of industrial relations. Less attention has been paid to unemployment benefits and employees' decision-making concerning unemployment insurance, even though the core function of the Ghent system is to provide unemployment insurance. This paper examines both of the options that precarious workers (i.e., part-timers, temporary employees, and low-skilled service employees) choose regarding unemployment insurance membership and the change in union density after the Ghent system reform in Finland. First, the results show that the growth of the independent unemployment…

Modelling distribution and habitat preferences of vulnerable species

2011

Trust and punishment

2021

Abstract This paper explores the impact of institutions on the evolution of preferences (culture) and on economic outcomes. Punishment institutions determine the capacity and the individual cost of punishing opportunistic behavior, while preferences are endogenous and can be influenced by a cultural transmission process that is conditioned by the existing punishment institutions. We investigate the interaction and evolution between the preferences for reciprocity or rewarding of the allocator and the preferences to punish hostile behaviour by the investor in a trust game with a costly punishment phase. Our main result provides a rationale for the existence of a strong positive relationship …