Search results for "PRINTING"
showing 10 items of 532 documents
Conserved synteny of mammalian imprinted genes in chicken, frog, and fish genomes
2006
Conservation of synteny of mammalian imprinted genes between chicken and human suggested that highly conserved gene clusters were selected long before these genes were recruited for genomic imprinting in mammals. Here we have applied in silico mapping of orthologous genes in pipid frog, zebrafish, spotted green and Japanese pufferfish to show considerable conservation of synteny in lower vertebrates. More than 400 million years ago in a common ancestor of teleost fish and tetrapods, ‘preimprinted’ chromosome regions homologous to human 6q25, 7q21, 7q32, 11p15, and 15q11→q12 already contained most present-day mammalian imprinted genes. Interestingly, some imprinted gene orthologues which are…
Validation and casework testing of the BioPlex-11 for STR typing of telogen hair roots.
2005
A new STR typing strategy has been developed allowing the simultaneous amplification and subsequent analysis of 11 polymorphic systems with amplicon sizes smaller than 270 bp. The multiplex amplification reaction includes six STR loci from the European standard set of loci (ESS) for DNA databases (D3S1358, D8S1179, D21S11, THO1, FGA and VWA) as well as four additional STR systems selected for their robustness (D2S1338, D12S391, TPOX and D5S818) together with the sex-specific locus amelogenin. After PCR amplification, the multiplex reaction is splitted into two sets of STR multiplexes by using biotin labelled primers only for one set. Using streptavidin-coated Sepharose beads five STR system…
Report of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP)-an investigation of the hypervariable STR loci ACTBP2, APOAI1 and D11S554 and the compound loci D1…
1999
This paper describes the results of three collaborative exercises which continues the EDNAP theme to explore whether uniformity of DNA profiling results could be achieved between European laboratories using STRs. In an earlier exercise, complex hypervariable AAAG-repeat STR loci were investigated, but reproducibility was found to be poor because of the variation of techniques used by participating laboratories. In the exercise reported here, an internal allelic ladder composed of ACTBP2 and D11S554 fragments was distributed. This ladder was used to size ACTBP2 analysed by a "singleplex" PCR amplification and D11S554 combined with APOAI1 in a separate "duplex" reaction. Laboratories were ask…
Forensics of birds of prey by DNA fingerprinting with 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes.
1991
Paternity tests on confiscated families of eight species of birds of prey were carried out successfully by DNA fingerprinting with 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Variations in the number of hybridized fragments, depending on the species of birds, are observed using the same probe, as well as differences of polymorphism by hybridizing the DNA samples with several oligonucleotide probes.
Results of collaborative study regarding the standardization of the Y-linked STR system DYS385 by the European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) group.
1999
Y-chromosome linked short tandem repeat (STR) loci are inherited as a closely linked haplotype, which appears to remain stable in a given paternal lineage over many generations. In forensic cases, Y-linked STRs are particularly useful for the identification of human remains as well as in rape cases with mixed male/female stain samples. DYS385 is derived from tandemly duplicated segments of the Y chromosome thus giving rise to two fragments of variable length which do not behave like alleles but genotypes. The European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) group has carried out a collaborative exercise among 14 participating laboratories using DYS385 for typing of five unknown bloodstains and a control samp…
Biostatistical basis of individualization and segregation analysis using the multilocus DNA probe MZ 1.3: results of a collaborative study.
1992
A collaborative study using the multilocus minisatellite DNA probe MZ 1.3 was carried out to investigate segregation information, mutation rate, DNA fragment frequencies as well as band sharing characteristics. The fingerprint patterns of 393 children as well as 694 unrelated individuals were analysed after digestion of DNA with the restriction enzyme HinfI. A mutation rate of 1% per meiosis or 0.04% per band was found with a mean number of 26 bands/individual. It was shown that maternal and paternal fragments are inherited in equal proportions. Population frequencies of restriction fragments demonstrated a distribution with increasing frequencies in the small fragment size range below 10 k…
Basic issues in forensic DNA typing
1997
DNA analysis has become the standard method in forensic stain typing (termed DNA profiling). In contrast to conventional serological methods, any human tissue or body fluid can be analysed by DNA profiling as long as it contains nucleated cells. The majority of genetic systems studied at the DNA level are derived from "non-coding" portions from the human genome, and are located either in the vicinity of expressed (coding) genes or in stretches of DNA sequences interspersing with the genes. The typing results are usually recorded as DNA fragment lengths or "alleles" indicating the number of core repeat elements for short tandem repeat systems. These typing results do not contain any useful i…
A report of an international collaborative experiment to demonstrate the uniformity obtainable using DNA profiling techniques
1992
This paper describes a collaborative exercise intended to demonstrate whether uniformity of DNA profile results could be achieved between different European laboratories. It was shown that this goal can be obtained provided that a common protocol is followed (specifically the use of a common electrophoretic buffer as being the most important parameter). Generally, lower molecular weight loci (with lower molecular weight fragments) such as YNH24 perform better than higher molecular weight loci such as MS43a. The results of the exercise are discussed in relation to the objectives of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP).
Extreme Methylation Values of Imprinted Genes in Human Abortions and Stillbirths
2010
Imprinted genes play an important role in fetal and placental development. Using quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing assays, we determined the DNA methylation levels at two paternally methylated (H19 and MEG3) and four maternally methylated (LIT1, NESP55, PEG3, and SNRPN) imprinted regions in fetal muscle samples from abortions and stillbirths. Two of 55 (4%) spontaneous abortions and 10 of 57 (18%) stillbirths displayed hypermethylation in multiple genes. Interestingly, none of 34 induced abortions had extreme methylation values in multiple genes. All but two abortions/stillbirths with multiple methylation abnormalities were male, indicating that the male embryo may be more susceptible t…
261 INFLUENCE OF IN VITRO MATURATION ON EPIGENETIC MARKS AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BOVINE OOCYTES
2011
In cattle, in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is an integral part of assisted reproduction technology. However, only 30% of in vitro matured bovine oocytes develop to the blastocyst stage after fertilization (compared with 60% for in vivo matured oocytes), indicating critical involvement of maturation conditions in the developmental competence of oocytes. Oocytes for IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in humans are typically allowed to mature in vivo after superovulation because IVM is not considered to be a safe medical procedure. Several studies have shown that assisted reproduction technology involving prolonged in vitro culture of human and ruminant embryos can be associated wi…