Search results for "PROB"
showing 10 items of 8859 documents
Classification and Automated Interpretation of Spinal Posture Data Using a Pathology-Independent Classifier and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (…
2021
Clinical classification models are mostly pathology-dependent and, thus, are only able to detect pathologies they have been trained for. Research is needed regarding pathology-independent classifiers and their interpretation. Hence, our aim is to develop a pathology-independent classifier that provides prediction probabilities and explanations of the classification decisions. Spinal posture data of healthy subjects and various pathologies (back pain, spinal fusion, osteoarthritis), as well as synthetic data, were used for modeling. A one-class support vector machine was used as a pathology-independent classifier. The outputs were transformed into a probability distribution according to Plat…
Size and shape effects on the thermodynamic properties of nanoscale volumes of water
2017
Small systems are known to deviate from the classical thermodynamic description, among other things due to their large surface area to volume ratio compared to corresponding big systems. As a consequence, extensive thermodynamic properties are no longer proportional to the volume, but are instead higher order functions of size and shape. We investigate such functions for second moments of probability distributions of fluctuating properties in the grand-canonical ensemble, focusing specifically on the volume and surface terms of Hadwiger's theorem, explained in Klain, Mathematika, 1995, 42, 329–339. We resolve the shape dependence of the surface term and show, using Hill's nanothermodynamics…
Modeling of surface structure formation after laser irradiation
2011
The Stefan problem in a semi-infinite media under laser irradiation is considered. It is related to the melting and solidification processes, resulting in certain surface structure after the solidification. A simple model, as well as a more sophisticated one is proposed to describe this process. The latter model allows us to calculate the surface profile by solving a system of two nonlinear differential equations, if the shape of the solid-liquid interface is known. It has to be found as a solution of two-phases Stefan problem. The results of example calculations by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are presented, assuming that the solid-liquid interface has a parabolic shape. The calcula…
Polarity Effects on ZnO Films Grown along the Nonpolar[112¯0]Direction
2005
The surface electrical properties of ZnO thin films grown along the nonpolar $[11\overline{2}0]$ direction have been investigated by Kelvin probe microscopy on a nanometer scale. Two different charge domains, with a 75 meV work function difference, coexist within the ZnO surface, which is covered by rhombohedral pyramids whose sidewalls are shown to be ${10\overline{1}1}$-type planes. The presence and relative orientation of the two kinds of charge domains are explained in terms of the atomic arrangement at the ${10\overline{1}1}$ polar surfaces.
Electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of double-layeredSrTiO3(001)surfaces:Ab initiosimulations
2007
Using the B3PW hybrid exchange-correlation functional within density-functional theory and employing Gaussian-type basis sets, we calculated the atomic and electronic structures and thermodynamic stability of three double-layered (DL) SrTiO3(001) surfaces: (i) SrO-terminated, (ii) TiO2-terminated, and (iii) (2×1) reconstruction of TiO2-terminated SrTiO3(001) recently suggested by Erdman et al. [Nature (London) 419, 55 (2002)]. A thermodynamic stability diagram obtained from first-principles calculations shows that regular TiO2- and SrO-terminated surfaces are the most stable. The stability regions of (2×1) DL TiO2- and DL SrO-terminated surfaces lie beyond the precipitation lines of SrO and…
Workhardening adaptation of rigid-plastic structures
1976
The paper considers discrete rigid-plastic structures which are subjected to the action of loads varying quasi-statically within given limits. It studies the conditions for workhoardening adaptation, that is the conditions to ensure that the structure, after an initial rigid-plastic phase, shows a purely rigid behavior. The safety factor against the workhardening inadaptation is defined by two dual optimization problems. Some characteristic features of the yielding surface at failure are pointed out, using also a proper geometric description. Static and kinematic theorems, which are similar to those of shakedown theory, are given. A simple application concludes the paper.
Monotony Based Imaging in EIT
2010
We consider the problem of determining conductivity anomalies inside a body from voltage‐current measurements on its surface. By combining the monotonicity method of Tamburrino and Rubinacci with the concept of localized potentials, we derive a new imaging method that is capable of reconstructing the exact (outer) shape of the anomalies. We furthermore show that the method can be implemented without solving any non‐homogeneous forward problems and show a first numerical result.
Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation on Non-convex Surfaces
1997
We consider the stationary heat equation for a non-convex body with Stefan–Boltzmann radiation condition on the surface. The main virtue of the resulting problem is non-locality of the boundary condition. Moreover, the problem is non-linear and in the general case also non-coercive and non-monotone. We show that the boundary value problem has a maximum principle. Hence, we can prove the existence of a weak solution assuming the existence of upper and lower solutions. In the two dimensional case or when a part of the radiation can escape the system we obtain coercivity and stronger existence result. © 1997 by B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MUSIC-characterization of small scatterers for normal measurement data
2009
We investigate the reconstruction of the positions of a collection of small metallic objects buried beneath the ground from measurements of the vertical component of scattered fields corresponding to vertically polarized dipole excitations on a horizontal two-dimensional measurement device above the surface of the ground. A MUSIC reconstruction method for this problem has recently been proposed by Iakovleva et al (2007 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55 2598). In this paper, we give a rigorous theoretical justification of this method. To that end we prove a characterization of the positions of the scatterers in terms of the measurement data, applying an asymptotic analysis of the scattered fie…
Critical behavior of the surface-layer magnetization at the extraordinary transition in the three-dimensional Ising model.
1990
We have used a vectorized multispin-coding Monte Carlo method to determine the behavior of the surface-layer magnetization ${\mathit{m}}_{1}$ at the bulk transition in a simple-cubic Ising film with strongly enhanced surface coupling, i.e., at the extraordinary transition. In contrast to recent renormalization-group calculations we find no evidence for a discontinuous slope in the temperature dependence of ${\mathit{m}}_{1}$; the data are consistent with a free-energy-like (T-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$${)}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ behavior plus background terms.