Search results for "PRODUCTS"

Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10-12-y-old girls: a 2-y randomized tri…

2005

Little is known about the relative effectiveness of calcium supplementation from food or pills with or without vitamin D supplementation for bone mass accrual during the rapid growth period.The purpose was to examine the effects of both food-based and pill supplements of calcium and vitamin D on bone mass and body composition in girls aged 10-12 y.This placebo-controlled intervention trial randomly assigned 195 healthy girls at Tanner stage I-II, aged 10-12 y, with dietary calcium intakes900 mg/d to 1 of 4 groups: calcium (1000 mg) + vitamin D3 (200 IU), calcium (1000 mg), cheese (1000 mg calcium), and placebo. Primary outcomes were bone indexes of the hip, spine, and whole body by dual-ene…

Optimization of the treatment with immunosuppressants and biologics in inflammatory bowel disease

2014

Many placebo controlled trials and meta-analyses evaluated the efficacy of different drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including immunosuppressants and biologics. Their use is indicated in moderate to severe disease in non responders to corticosteroids and in steroid-dependent patients, as induction and maintainance treatment. Infliximab, as well as cyclosporine, is considered a second line therapy in the case of severe ulcerative colitis, or non-responders to intravenous corticosteroids. An adequate dosage and duration of therapy with thiopurines should be reached before evaluating their efficacy. Methotrexate is a valid option in patients with Crohn’s disease bu…

D-dimer testing: advantages and limitations in emergency medicine for managing acute venous thromboembolism

2007

Patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) are frequently admitted to an Emergency Department (ED) for initial evaluation. However, management of patients with suspicion of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in this clinical setting can be difficult; in fact symptoms and signs of DVT are non-specific and can be found in a broad spectrum of non-thrombotic disorders. An accurate and timely objective diagnosis is necessary for immediate and correct identification of patients with acute VTE, while avoiding the bleeding risk associated with unnecessary anticoagulant therapy in patients where DVT or PE have been ruled out. The diagnostic approach to patients wit…

How should we determine length of anticoagulation after proximal deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs?

2009

The current approach for deciding the duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treatment after an episode of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) is mainly based on the characteristic of the index event (3 months or longer in case of unknown/persistent risk factors, 3 months or less in case of removable causes). However, the length of anticoagulation should be tailored on the patient's risk for recurrent thrombosis as well as for bleeding, but such 'time for decision' is often unclear and the optimal duration of VKA remains debatable. The presence of persistent residual vein thrombosis and increased D-dimer levels after stopping therapy are predictors for recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Manage…

Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thromboembolism

2020

Importance: Incidence rates for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) range from 88 to 112 per 100 000 person-years and increase with age. Rates of recurrent VTE range from 20% to 36% during the 10 years after an initial event.Observations: PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies published from January 2015 through June 2020 for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and observational studies. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as older age, malignancy (cumulative incidence of 7.4% after a median of 19 months), inflammatory disorders (VTE risk is 4.7% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 2.5% in those withou…

Residual vein thrombosis and D-dimer for optimizing duration of anticoagulation in idiopathic deep vein thrombosis.

2010

Long-term anticoagulant treatment is highly effective in preventing recurrent Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) in patients with idiopathic Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs, though associated with an increased risk for major bleeding that may offset the benefits of anticoagulation. Accordingly to recent guidelines, patients with idiopathic DVT should be treated for at least 3 months and then should be evaluated for the risk-benefit ratio of long-term therapy. However, such ‘time for decision’ is often unclear and the optimal duration of VKA remains debatable. In recent studies, markers for the assessment of the individual risk for recurrent thrombosis have been proposed, which can …

Statins stimulate the production of a soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products

2013

The beneficial effects of statin therapy in the reduction of cardiovascular pathogenesis, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications are well known. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in the progression of these diseases. In contrast, soluble forms of RAGE act as decoys for RAGE ligands and may prevent the development of RAGE-mediated disorders. Soluble forms of RAGE are either produced by alternative splicing [endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE)] or by proteolytic shedding mediated by metalloproteinases [shed RAGE (sRAGE)]. Therefore we analyzed whether statins influence the production of soluble RAGE. Lovastatin treatment of either mouse alveol…

Regulated Proteolysis of RAGE and AβPP as Possible Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease

2009

Epidemiological studies have linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). In T2DM, the elevated blood glucose level promotes formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a type I membrane-protein and is also able to import amyloid-beta (Abeta) from the blood across the blood-brain-barrier into the brain. Oligomeric Abeta peptides disturb synaptic function in the brain and are believed to contribute to the development of AD. Abeta peptides are released from the amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) after sequential proteolysis by beta- and gamma-secretases but alpha-secretase-mediated cleavage…

D-dimer testing after anticoagulant discontinuation to predict recurrent venous thromboembolism

2021

Are biological drugs effective and safe in older severe asthmatics?

2019

Introduction: The treatment of asthma in older ages follows the recommendations of international guidelines for the management of asthma in younger ages, although older age has always represented an exclusion criterion for eligibility to pharmacological trials. This poses a clinical challenge when deciding whether elderly severe asthmatics are candidates for biological drugs. Areas covered: The current article has a narrative structure to review the current literature on efficacy and safety of novel pharmacological drugs against immunoglobulins and interleukins that mediate and orchestrate the main inflammatory pathways in severe asthma, in order to explore whether older subjects (i.e. >…