Search results for "PULMONARY"
showing 10 items of 3030 documents
International BEAT-PCD Consensus Statement for Infection Prevention and Control for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in collaboration with ERN-LUNG PCD Cor…
2021
Introduction In primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) impaired mucociliary clearance leads to recurrent airway infections and progressive lung destruction, and concern over chronic airway infection and patient-to-patient transmission is considerable. So far, there has been no defined consensus on how to control infection across centres caring for patients with PCD. Within the BEAT-PCD network, COST Action and ERS CRC together with the ERN-Lung PCD core a first initiative has now been taken towards creating such a consensus statement. Methods A multidisciplinary international PCD expert panel was set up to create a consensus statement for infection prevention and control (IP&C) for PCD, covering …
Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Coagulopathy
2021
Patients with the severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently found to suffer from both arterial and venous thrombotic events due to the perpetuation of a hypercoagulable state. This phenomenon, termed COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CC), is now considered a major component of the pathophysiology of this novel infectious disease, leading to widespread thrombosis. While at first, the vascular insults may be limited to the pulmonary microvasculature, as the disease progresses, systemic involvement occurs, culminating in distant organ thrombosis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. In this review article, we discuss recent insights into the pathophysiologic mecha…
Temporal dynamics of lung aeration determined by dynamic CT in a porcine model of ARDS
2001
We used dynamic CT to identify two different time constants of lung aeration and their individual contribution to the total increase in cross-sectional lung area in healthy and experimentally damaged lungs. In five healthy pigs, inflation and deflation between 0 and 50 cm H2O was imposed during dynamic (250 ms/image) CT acquisition, and repeated after experimental lung injury by saline lavage. The fractional areas of density ranges, which represent aerated lung parenchyma, were determined planimetrically, and their time for expansion during the manoeuvre was fitted using a bi-exponential model. Thus, two compartments, their sizes, i.e. their relative contributions to lung area aerated by th…
Quantification of atelectatic lung volumes in two different porcine models of ARDS.
2006
BACKGROUND: Cyclic recruitment during mechanical ventilation contributes to ventilator associated lung injury. Two different pathomechanisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are currently discussed: alveolar collapse vs persistent flooding of small airways and alveoli. We compare two different ARDS animal models by computed tomography (CT) to describe different recruitment and derecruitment mechanisms at different airway pressures: (i) lavage-ARDS, favouring alveolar collapse by surfactant depletion; and (ii) oleic acid ARDS, favouring alveolar flooding by capillary leakage. METHODS: In 12 pigs [25 (1) kg], ARDS was randomly induced, either by saline lung lavage or oleic acid (…
Do ventilatory parameters influence outcome in patients with severe acute respiratory infection? Secondary analysis of an international, multicentre1…
2021
Purpose: To investigate the possible association between ventilatory settings on the first day of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Materials and methods: In this pre-planned sub-study of a prospective, multicentre observational study, 441 patients with SARI who received controlled IMV during the ICU stay were included in the analysis. Results: ICU and hospital mortality rates were 23.1 and 28.1%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, tidal volume and respiratory rate on the first day of IMV were not associated with an increased risk of death; however, higher driving pr…
An inhaled tumor necrosis factor-alpha-derived TIP peptide improves the pulmonary function in experimental lung injury: inhaled TIP peptide in experi…
2012
INTRODUCTION The lectin-like domain of TNF-α enhances the fluid clearance across the alveolar barrier. For experimental purposes, the lectin-like domain can be mimicked by a synthetic peptide representing the TIP-motif of TNF-α. The present study aims to assess the acute effect of TIP on the pulmonary function in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS Lung injury was induced in 16 pigs (25-27 kg) by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by injurious ventilation. Following randomisation, either nebulised TIP (1 mg/kg; AP301, APEPTICO, Vienna, Austria) or water for injection (control group) was administered. During 5 h of monitoring, the extravascular lung water inde…
Random allogeneic blood transfusion in pigs: characterisation of a novel experimental model.
2019
BackgroundOrgan cross-talk describes interactions between a primary affected organ and a secondarily injured remote organ, particularly in lung-brain interactions. A common theory is the systemic distribution of inflammatory mediators that are released by the affected organ and transferred through the bloodstream. The present study characterises the baseline immunogenic effects of a novel experimental model of random allogeneic blood transfusion in pigs designed to analyse the role of the bloodstream in organ cross-talk.MethodsAfter approval of the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, 20 anesthetized pig were randomized in a donor and an acceptor (eachn = 8): the acceptor animals …
Utilization of impedance spectroscopy to investigate the self-assembly behavior of amphiphiles soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide: Preliminary r…
2007
Abstract A mixture of CO 2 , water, methyl orange (MO) and Dynol 604 surfactant was analyzed at 309 K and 20 MPa simultaneously by impedance and UV–vis spectroscopy. A plot of the static dielectric constant as a function of the surfactant concentration was obtained using a suitable equivalent circuit to elaborate impedance data. Experimental points can be fitted by two different straight lines whose intersection occurs at about 0.13% (w/w) concentration of Dynol. When the surfactant concentration crossed the aforementioned value, a peak was detectable in the UV–vis spectrum at a wavelength range corresponding to the absorption of MO; absorbance of the peak increased with the surfactant conc…
Isocratic and gradient elution in micellar liquid chromatography with Brij-35
2015
Polyoxyethylene(23)lauryl ether (known as Brij-35) is a nonionic surfactant, which has been considered as an alternative to the extensively used in micellar liquid chromatography anionic surfactant sodium lauryl (dodecyl) sulfate, for the analysis of drugs and other types of compounds. Brij-35 is the most suitable nonionic surfactant for micellar liquid chromatography, owing to its commercial availability, low cost, low toxicity, high cloud temperature, and low background absorbance. However, it has had minor use. In this work, we gather and discuss some results obtained in our laboratory with several β-blockers, sulfonamides, and flavonoids, concerning the use of Brij-35 as mobile phase mo…
Micellar liquid chromatography for prediction of drug transport.
2000
Abstract The vast majority of well absorbed drugs are transported passively across the cell membranes. Physicochemical descriptors of drug molecules that are believed to influence transcellular transport are routinely used to predict drug absorption by means of complex mathematical models. In this paper, a new in vitro method, based on the retention data in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), is validated for the prediction of passive drug absorption. The retention of a heterogeneous drugs set in MLC using Brij 35 as surfactant in the mobile phase is compared with the retention data reported in literature obtained in red cell membrane lipid liposomes, human red cell membranes vesicles (ve…