Search results for "PULMONARY"

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of asthma in children: case report and literature review

2016

Background:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is an uncommon disorder. It is rarely reported in paediatric patients and may be accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema. It is usually benign and self-limiting, with only supportive therapy being needed, but severe cases may require invasive measures. Asthma exacerbations have classically been described as a cause of SPM. However, detailed descriptions in asthmatic children are scarce. We aimed at improving the current understanding of the features of SPM and subcutaneous emphysema, and outcomes, by means of a case report and a systematic review.Methods:For the systematic review a literature search was performed in PubMed to identify reported ca…

CAT score single item analysis in patients with COPD: results from COSYCONET

2019

Abstract The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is in widespread use for the evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed whether the CAT items carry additional information beyond the sum score regarding COPD characteristics including emphysema. Patients of GOLD grades 1 to 4 from the COPD cohort COSYCONET (German COPD and Systemic Consequences - Comorbidities Network) with complete CAT data were included (n = 2270), of whom 493 had chest CT evaluated for the presence of emphysema. Comorbidities and lung function were assessed following standardised procedures. Cross-sectional data analysis was based on multiple regression analysis of the single CAT items ag…

“Seremos hombres y fieras”. Modelos, roles y actitud de las mujeres durante el bloqueo y asedio austracista de Peníscola (1706-1707)

2020

espanolEl presente trabajo es una propuesta para avanzar en la interpretacion de la actitud de las mujeres campesinas durante la guerra de Sucesion espanola. El analisis se focaliza en la villa y fortaleza valenciana de Peniscola durante los 18 meses que perdura el cerco al que es sometida la plaza por tropas austracistas desde el 14 de diciembre de 1705. Las dos fuentes principales con las que contamos, una comedia proborbonica y el diario del comandante de la defensa, permiten comparar el discurso sobre el rol social femenino con la idealizacion de las aldeanas en la pieza teatral, el simbolismo femenino de la Virgen local y el papel que efectivamente juegan las aldeanas en el desarrollo …

Effect of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis on postpneumonectomy lung growth.

2013

Respiratory muscle-associated stretch has been implicated in normal lung development (fetal breathing movements) and postpneumonectomy lung growth. To test the hypothesis that mechanical stretch from diaphragmatic contraction contributes to lung growth, we performed left phrenic nerve transections (PNT) in mice with and without ipsilateral pneumonectomy. PNT was demonstrated by asymmetric costal margin excursion and confirmed at autopsy. In mice with two lungs, PNT was associated with a decrease in ipsilateral lung volume ( P < 0.05) and lung weight ( P < 0.05). After pneumonectomy, PNT was not associated with a change in activity level, measureable hypoxemia, or altered minute venti…

Criptococosis sistémica y neumocistosis en un paciente VIH-positivo

1995

La criptococosis es una de las principales infecciones oportunistas que afectan a los enfermos de sida. Las manifestaciones neurologicas constituyen la forma mas frecuente de manifestarse esta infeccion fungica, siendo la afectacion pulmonar mucho menos aparente clinicamente. Se presenta el caso de un paciente atendido en urgencias del hospital, con un cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, que evoluciono fatalmente. Los estudios microbiologicos e histopatologicos demostraron la presencia simultanea de Cryptococcus neoformans y de Pneumocystis carinii en pulmon. Se discute esta forma de presentacion de la criptococosis, en ausencia de sintomatologia neurologica, y la trascendencia de l…

Chronic burden of near-roadway traffic pollution in 10 European cities (APHEKOM network).

2013

AD; International audience; Recent epidemiological research suggests that near road traffic-related pollution may cause chronic disease, as well as exacerbate related pathologies, implying that the entire “chronic disease progression” should be attributed to air pollution, no matter what the proximate cause was. We estimated the burden of childhood asthma attributable to air pollution in 10 European cities by calculating the number of cases of 1) asthma caused by near road traffic-related pollution, and 2) acute asthma events related to urban air pollution levels. We then expanded our approach to include coronary heart diseases in adults.Derivation of attributable cases required combining c…

Evaluation of Health Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Asthma and COPD Using Disease-Specific and Generic Instruments

2001

Abstract Objectives To compare the effects of asthma and COPD on health status (HS) in elderly patients, and to assess the correlation between disease-specific and generic instruments assessing HS. Design Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study. Setting The Salute Respiratoria nell'Anziano (respiratory health in the elderly) Study network of outpatient departments. Patients One hundred ninety-eight asthma patients and 230 COPD patients ≥ 65 years old. Measurements HS was assessed by the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and five generic outcomes: Barthel's index, 6-min walk test, mini mental state examination, geriatric depression scale (GDS), and quality-of-sleep in…

Two pathways, one patient; UK asthma guidelines

2018

The first widely disseminated ‘asthma guideline’ came out of Australia and New Zealand in 1989,1 followed shortly by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) in 1990,2 the United States National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel Report in 19913 and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy document in 1995.4 All have benefited from regular updates, the BTS collaborating with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) since 2003, most recently in 2016.5 Each new iteration of the asthma guidelines was written by experts in the field and based on best available evidence. It is not known whether these guidelines (or any others) have improved the care of people with asthm…

Airway inflammation in healthy smokers

2012

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor associated with lung cancer and many other neoplasms of various organs, coronary artery disease and numerous vascular disorders, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and other types of lung diseases [13]. Much work has been done on the in vitro and ex vivo carcinogenetic effects of tobacco smoking while the effects of smoking on innate and adaptive immune function have been studied to a lesser degree. Recent data suggests that cigarette smoke alters the functions of the immune system and increases susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections [4-6]. In the respiratory system along the last years many studies have depicted the changes induced by …

2021

BackgroundThe prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.MethodsWe studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (≤10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was def…