Search results for "PULP"

Combustion properties of spruce black liquor droplets : Sulfur-free pulping and influence of hot-water pretreatment

2016

Hot-water pretreatment of lignocellulosics prior to sulfur-free alkaline pulping is an interesting approach for recovering value-added carbohydrate- and lignin-derived materials. This paper investigated the chemical composition variations and combustion properties of the black liquors (BLs) from three different cooking processes: two sulfur-free soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and oxygen-alkali (O2-NaOH) cooks and kraft cook, before and after hot-water pretreatment of the spruce sawdust. Relatively less aliphatic acids but more lignin were present in the BLs after hot-water pretreatment as cooking time prolonged. In general, the burning time decreased as follows: soda-AQ BL > O2-NaOH BL ≅ kraf…

Pulp Mills and Wood-Based Biorefineries

2015

The pulp and paper industry is facing major challenges and will need to find more versatile products to remain competitive. Large amounts of both solid and liquid residues are formed in the production line from tree to paper. The utilization of various organics for other purposes other than fuel depends on conversion technologies and production scale as well as energy and pulp prices. With respect to this, chemical pulping processes, practically as the first industrial biorefineries in the world, still offer attractive possibilities in the form of new by-products. In this chapter, general aspects together with some selected examples on the integrated production of chemical wood-based fiber,…

Determination of organic silicon compounds in biogas from wastewater treatments plants, landfills, and co-digestion plants

2010

Abstract The study determined the organic silicon compounds in biogases from landfills, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and biogas plants processing different organic material. The aim was to provide information for gas utilisation applications, as siloxanes are reported to shorten the life time of engines when biogas is used for energy production. In total, 48 samples were measured. The total concentration of organic silicon compounds in landfill and WWTP gases varied from 77 to 2460 μg/m3 while the concentrations in biogases from biogas plants varied from 24 to 820 μg/m3. The total concentration of organic silicon compounds was lowest (24 μg/m3) in the biogas plant processing grass a…

Harvesting Energy from Wastewater Using an Innovative Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor

2015

AIR LIMBAH LAUNDRY : KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR

2020

At present the laundry business is one of the promising businesses with targeted consumers from the upper middle class who do not have much time to wash clothes at home. Like other industries, laundry also produces wastewater that can have a negative impact on the environment if it is not managed properly. This study characterizes laundry wastewater and looks at its effect on the quality to the groundwater/wells close to the laundry business. Water samples include TSS, TDS, Turbidity, pH , COD, BOD, Phosphate, and Detergent parameters analyzed according to SNI and/or the HACH method (DR3900). Characterization of the laundry wastewater samples show a high level of detergent and phosphate par…

Aerobic granular sludge reactor treating anaerobically pretreated brewery wastewater at different loading rates

2018

Small and medium breweries discharging to municipal sewers without treatment generate significant loads with typical concentrations reported by Valta et al. (2014) as 2-6 g COD L-1, 25-80 mg TN L-1, 10-50 mg TP L-1, with pH between 4.5 and 12. Treatment of the high-strength wastewater requires specialized low footprint processes, such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS), capable of high-rate degradation, as well as simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorous removal (Wang et al., 2007). The objective of this study was to evaluate the start-up period of AGS receiving brewery wastewater after initial anaerobic pretreatment.

Chemical and physical modification of hemp fibres by steam explosion technology

2013

In current research attempt has been made to analyse hemp fibres treated with steam explosion (SE) technology. Disintegration of hemp fibres separated from non-retted, dew-retted and dried stems of hemp ('Purini')[1] by alkali treatment and steam explosion (SE) were investigated. An average intensive SE in combination with the hydro-thermal and alkali after-treatment allows decreasing the diameter of hemp fibres and reduce the concentration of non-celluloses components, among them hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, waxes and water [1;2].

HSP27: A Therapeutic Target in Myelofibrosis

2016

Abstract Myelofibrosis (MF) is the most aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with the highest degree of morbidity and mortality, including progressive bone marrow fibrosis resulting into bone marrow failure. JAK2 kinase inhibitors have been successfully used for a few years in MPN and more particularly for MF treatment. Despite their beneficial effects on spleen size and symptoms, JAK2 inhibitors induce low molecular and survival responses underscoring the urgent need for other therapeutic approaches. Recently, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) - known to stabilize JAK2 - has been reported as a promising therapeutic target in MPN. However HSP90 inhibitors show toxicity and induce the e…

Function Studies of the Spleen Using Radioactive-Labeled and Heat-Denatured Erythrocytes and their Clinical Value

1971

The RES as an especially active, functionally versatile, and very extended system has its most important concentration of tissue in the spleen. Till now it was possible only to investigate this organ by cytological and histological methods. Clinical function tests of the spleen were completely unknown until recently. Such investigations have now become possible by labeling the blood cells with gamma-emitting radioisotopes and the development of external counting techniques.

A Contribution Concerning the Unsettled Problem of Intrasplenic Microcirculation

1973

From morphological studies it is well known that the vascular bed of the spleen consists of at least two different compartments. Figure one schematically shows how the splenic microcirculation can be subdivided. One compartment corresponds to the white pulp (pathways number 1 and 2), the other compartment to the red pulp, for which the existance of either an open or a closed type of terminal vascular bed is discussed. Futhermore there are references that the microcirculation in the red pulp is not homogeneous but composed of both types, as illustrated by the pathways marked by number 3 and 4.