Search results for "Paradigm"

Lògica i coneixement [Introducció]

1985

Hom estaria temptat de dir que Russell és molt més que un filòsof, que és un matemàtic, un físic, un polític, un literat, etc.; amb tot, s'ha preferit qualificar-lo sempre de filòsof, i així s'ha collaborat a fer que el mot filosofia recuperi el seu sentit inicial i que s'alliberi de la constant denigració a què ha estat sotmès per escolàstics de qualsevol disciplina. La filosofia de Russell conté una constant preocupació per les dues vessants de l'aventura humana: el coneixement i la vida; en la primera s'intenta contribuir al progrés del saber, i en la segona a «la conquesta de la felicitat ». I no es tracta de dues vessants separades: el progrés del saber contribueix a augmentar la felic…

Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening.

2015

Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller, & Friederici, 2006). However, the majority of these studies have not accounted for the effect of musical expertise, despite increasing evidence of structural and functional differences between musicians and nonmusicians, particularly in the regions…

Event-related brain potentials to change in the frequency and temporal structure of sounds in typically developing 5-6-year-old children.

2015

The brain's ability to recognize different acoustic cues (e.g., frequency changes in rapid temporal succession) is important for speech perception and thus for successful language development. Here we report on distinct event-related potentials (ERPs) in 5-6-year-old children recorded in a passive oddball paradigm to repeated tone pair stimuli with a frequency change in the second tone in the pair, replicating earlier findings. An occasional insertion of a third tone within the tone pair generated a more merged pattern, which has not been reported previously in 5-6-year-old children. Both types of deviations elicited pre-attentive discriminative mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discrimina…

Il bene molto più del male. Il paradigma paolino nella giustificazione di Paul Ricoeur.

2011

On Big Data: How should we make sense of them?

2020

The topic of Big Data is today extensively discussed, not only on the technical ground. This also depends on the fact that Big Data are frequently presented as allowing an epistemological paradigm shift in scientific research, which would be able to supersede the traditional hypothesis-driven method. In this piece, I critically scrutinize two key claims that are usually associated with this approach, namely, the fact that data speak for themselves, deflating the role of theories and models, and the primacy of correlation over causation. In so doing, I will also refer to a recent case history of data mining projects in the field of biomedicine, i.e. EXPOsOMICS. My intention is both to acknow…

A new compact formulation for the discrete p-dispersion problem

2017

Abstract This paper addresses the discrete p -dispersion problem (PDP) which is about selecting  p facilities from a given set of candidates in such a way that the minimum distance between selected facilities is maximized. We propose a new compact formulation for this problem. In addition, we discuss two simple enhancements of the new formulation: Simple bounds on the optimal distance can be exploited to reduce the size and to increase the tightness of the model at a relatively low cost of additional computation time. Moreover, the new formulation can be further strengthened by adding valid inequalities. We present a computational study carried out over a set of large-scale test instances i…

Self-conscious robotic system design process-from analysis to implementation

2011

Developing robotic systems endowed with self-conscious capabilities means realizing complex sub-systems needing ad-hoc software engineering techniques for their modelling, analysis and implementation. In this chapter the whole process (from analysis to implementation) to model the development of self-conscious robotic systems is presented and the new created design process, PASSIC, supporting each part of it, is fully illustrated. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Mapreduce in computational biology - A synopsis

2017

In the past 20 years, the Life Sciences have witnessed a paradigm shift in the way research is performed. Indeed, the computational part of biological and clinical studies has become central or is becoming so. Correspondingly, the amount of data that one needs to process, compare and analyze, has experienced an exponential growth. As a consequence, High Performance Computing (HPC, for short) is being used intensively, in particular in terms of multi-core architectures. However, recently and thanks to the advances in the processing of other scientific and commercial data, Distributed Computing is also being considered for Bioinformatics applications. In particular, the MapReduce paradigm, to…

Teaching Competences Through ICTs in an English Degree Programme in a Spanish Setting

2012

In this chapter I shall describe the ways in which a group of lecturers in English language and linguistics have attempted to help students acquire competencies using ICTs in an English Studies degree programme in Spain. The introduction of competence-based learning constitutes a major paradigm shift brought about by the convergence of degree systems in the European Higher Education Area, and is part of a concerted effort to make our degrees less teacher-centred with a view to giving students greater opportunities to participate in their own learning process, both inside and outside the classroom. I will outline how general and discipline-specific competences are acquired through the use of…

L'evolució històrica de la psicologia del treball i de les organitzacions

2010

El món organitzacional ha esdevingut l'eix vertebrador de la Psicologia del treball, des del sistema gremial al sistema fabril, que reunia les característiques de veritables organitzacions industrials. Les notes que caracteritzen el procés són: la mentalitat racional, la mecanització de la fabricació i la utilització del vapor com nova energia aplicable a la indústria. A més, la mecanització tindria efectes sobre l'organització del treball, en l'extremar la diferenciació de funcions i la divisió de tasques. Taylor, des de l'enginyeria, introduí una organització científica del treball per millorar els sistemes i els llocs laborals. Amb el mateix objectiu, orientat a millorar l'administració …