Search results for "Pathogen"

Fight evolution with evolution: plasmid‐dependent phages with a wide host range prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance

2013

The emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics is a serious worldwide public health concern. Whenever antibiotics are applied, the genes encoding for antibiotic resistance are selected for within bacterial populations. This has led to the prevalence of conjugative plasmids that carry resistance genes and can transfer themselves between diverse bacterial groups. In this study, we investigated whether it is feasible to attempt to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistances with a lytic bacteriophage, which can replicate in a wide range of gram‐negative bacteria harbouring conjugative drug resistance–conferring plasmids. The counter‐selection against the plasmid was sh…

Exploring phage-bacterium interactions : new ways to combat a fish pathogen

2014

Possible applications of plant extracts as biofungicides

2015

Soybean Diseases Caused by Genus Pseudomonas Phytopathenes Bacteria

2019

The rationale and experimental confirmation of the role of the bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus in the pathogenesis of soybean, and the investigation of the biological properties of the main causative agent Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycines. Methods. Theoretical generalization, laboratory-model research, phytopathological, microbiological, physiological, biochemical and genetic methods. Results. The largest group of pathogens in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine consists of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas was established. Their biological properties have been investigated and the methods for identification of the dominant type of phytopathogenic bacteria causing bacterial blight…

Bacterial diseases of energy plants

2017

Przedstawiono wyniki badań bakteryjnych patogenów bioenergetycznych roślin drzewiastych (topoli, brzozy), prowadzących do znacznego zmniejszenia zbiorów lub zaginięcia. Opisano różne choroby bakteryjne i patogeny zaznaczonych roślin, objawy tych chorób, charakterystykê obrażeń, rozmieszczenie i szkodliwość patogenów. Przedstawiono charakterystykê głównych chorób bakteryjnych (rak bakteryjny i martwicę bakteryjną kory) oraz mniej niebezpiecznych (mokradła), zarazy bakteryjne, choroby korzeni i gruźlica). Czynnikiem sprawczym bakteryjnego raku jest bakteria Xanthomonas populi (syn. Aplanobacterium populi). Jako towarzysząca mikroflora czynników wywołujących raka przeważają bakterie z rodzaju …

The effect of a temperature-sensitive prophage on the evolution of virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen.

2022

https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16638 Abstract Viruses are key actors of ecosystems and have major impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. Prophages deserve particular attention as they are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes and can enter a lytic cycle when triggered by environmental conditions. We explored how temperature affects the interactions between prophages and other biological levels by using an opportunistic pathogen, the bacterium Serratia marcescens, that harbours several prophages and that had undergone an evolution experiment under several temperature regimes. We found that the release of one of the prophages was temperature-sensitive and malleable to evolutionary changes. We furthe…

Eco-epidemiology of tick- and rodent-borne pathogens in boreal forests

2017

Infectious diseases are amongst the ten major causes of human mortality worldwide, 60% of them being animal-borne. Variations of abiotic and biotic conditions are likely to modify the transmission of parasites and pathogens within reservoir species, and, as a consequence, alter the zoonotic risk for human. My thesis aims at elucidating the dynamics and mechanisms of the maintenance of ticks, tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and the Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in the reservoir host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, BV). In Northern Europe, tick-borne diseases are growing in importance to human because of the latitudinal expansion of the tick Ixodes ricinus. Field monitoring revealed that I. ricinus…

Inflammatory cytokines shape a changing DNA methylome in monocytes mirroring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

2019

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly targets joints. Monocytes and macrophages are critical in RA pathogenesis and contribute to inflammatory lesions. These extremely plastic cells respond to extracellular signals which cause epigenomic changes that define their pathogenic phenotype. Here, we interrogated how DNA methylation alterations in RA monocytes are determined by extracellular signals. Methods: High-throughput DNA methylation analyses of patients with RA and controls and in vitro cytokine stimulation were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind DNA methylation alterations in RA as well as their relationship with clinic…

Maladie du huanglongbing

2019

Maladie du huanglongbing. Analyse du risque phytosanitaire pour l’Union européenne

Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments

2018

Parasites, including macroparasites, protists, fungi, bacteria and viruses, can impose a heavy burden upon host animals. However, hosts are not without defences. One aspect of host defence, behavioural avoidance, has been studied in the terrestrial realm for over 50 years, but was first reported from the aquatic environment approximately 20 years ago. Evidence has mounted on the importance of parasite avoidance behaviours and it is increasingly apparent that there are core similarities in the function and benefit of this defence mechanism between terrestrial and aquatic systems. However, there are also stark differences driven by the unique biotic and abiotic characteristics of terrestrial …