Search results for "Pest management"
showing 8 items of 58 documents
DIVERSITE GENETIQUE ET PHENOLOGIE DE CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L. (CYPERACEAE) POUR UNE GESTION INTEGREE DE L'ESPECE DANS LES CULTURES DE HAUTE LANDE
2006
We studied the development, phenology, demography and genetic diversity of Cyperus esculentus (Cyperaceae), an invasive clonal perennial weed in the small-statured crops of Haute Lande, southwestern France. The goal was to understand its colonizing capacity and then make propositions for an integrated management of the species.The colonizing capacity of C. esculentus is linked to the huge subterranean vegetative development, with both foraging thanks to rhizomes and multiplication thanks to tubers. On the other hand, the local crop systems provide all the needs of the species: water, light and nutriments without competition by other weeds. Genetic analyses showed a low genetic diversity and…
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture innovants : le cas exemplaire de la Protection Intégrée contre la flore adventice
2009
Pas de résumé
Functionnal aspects of biodiversity in relation to plant health
2009
Texte intégral; The most visible impact of human activities on biodiversity concerns species which are part of our cultural heritage but a huge part of the diversity is still hidden, mainly in the ocean, in extreme environments and of course in the soil. Although some estimations can be proposed, they are all considered as under-evaluations of the putative number of taxa that could be present on (in?) the planet Earth. Despite it is not yet known, this biodiversity contributes to different services through the functioning of ecosystems, and thus influences the sustainability of these ecosystems. This was the case for instance when the unsuspected major roles of the archeabacteria in the bi…
Disease dispersion as a spatial interaction: The case of Flavescence Dorée
2020
International audience; Flavescence dorée is a serious and incurable vine disease transmitted by an insect vector. Focusing on its spatial diffusion and on its control with pesticides, this paper investigates the private strategies of wine producers and their socially optimal counterparts. The socially optimal regulation has to address two externalities regarding private treatment decisions: (a) the insufficient consideration of collective benefits from controlling the vector populations; (b) the failure to take into account environmental damage related to pesticide application. The probability of infection is estimated on French data from a spatial econometric specification. Three alternat…
IPMWORKS, a European network of pionneer farmers engaged to demonstrate cost-effective IPM-based strategies with low pesticide use
2022
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is based on a diversity of pest management measures(prevention, non-chemical control, best practices for optimizing pesticide efficiency, etc.).These are combined at the farm level to enable reduced reliance on pesticides, and thereforea decrease in the exposure of the environment and people to pesticides. Rare pioneer farmersthroughout Europe are testing such IPM strategies and are succeeding in achieving goodoutcomes with low pesticide inputs. However the majority of European farmers still relyheavily on pesticides, with major environmental and societal impacts, because most of themhave not adopted a comprehensive, farm-level and holistic IPM strategy so f…
Original data for manuscript: Can indirect herbicide exposure modify the response of the colorado potato beetle to an organophosphate insectiside
2019
Organisms live in complex multivariate environments. In agroecosystems, this complexity is often human-induced as pest individuals can be exposed to many xenobiotics simultaneously. Predicting the effects of multiple stressors can be problematic, as two or more stressors can have interactive effects. Our objective was to investigate whether indirect glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) exposure of the host plant has interactive effects in combination with an insecticide (azinphos-methyl) on an invasive pest Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). We tested the effects of GBH and insecticide on the survival, insecticide target genes expression (acetylcholinesterase genes) and oxi…
Studies on the insecticidal mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A and Cry proteins
2022
El control de plagas y patógenos ha tenido un efecto importante en la mejora del rendimiento de los sistemas agrícolas a nivel mundial. Diferentes tipos de insecticidas químicos se han usado extensivamente durante mucho tiempo para el control de plagas de insectos. Debido a la aparición de resistencias, problemas de contaminación de aguas y problemas de salud humana causados por dichos insecticidas de síntesis, la agricultura moderna necesita una estrategia de gestión integrada de plagas más saludable, respetuosa con el medio ambiente y sostenible. El uso de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) y sus proteínas insecticidas para el control de plagas es una de las estrategias biotecnológicas más impor…
Acaricidal Activity of Bufadienolides Isolated from Drimia pancration against Tetranychus urticae, and Structural Elucidation of Arenobufagin-3-O-α-L…
2022
Chemical characterization of the bulbs of Drimia pancration was conducted to isolate four steroidal saponins (1–4). Earlier, we focused on the structural elucidation of compounds 1–3. Herein, by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOE), and 2D-NMR spectra, the full stereochemical structure of 4 is reported, and all the 1H and 13C signals are assigned. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their acaricidal properties against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Our results showed excellent activity of compound 1, with an LD50 (µg/cm2) of 0.29 and a LD90 (µg/cm2) of 0.96, whereas compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed moderate activity. Furthermore, t…