Search results for "Pharmacogenomic"
showing 10 items of 59 documents
Pharmacogenomics of Cameroonian traditional herbal medicine for cancer therapy
2011
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance A socio-economic burden associated with cancers is reported in Africa. Ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, and others chould be considered when selecting plants used to treat cancer, since these reflect disease states bearing relevance to cancer or a cancer symptoms. Materials and methods Documented compounds of Cameroonian medicinal plants were used as keywords in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database to establish a library of cytotoxic compounds. Cellular and pharmacogenomic profiling was then performed for the 10 most cytotoxic natural products. By COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses, candidate …
Pharmacogenomics: a tool to prevent and cure coronary heart disease.
2007
Inflammation and genetics play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). This is supported by epidemiological studies which have thoroughly investigated the association between CHD and gene polymorphisms of the inflammatory molecules. Moreover, efforts to find elective therapy have not been rewarding and, despite the increasing appreciation of the role of genetics in CHD and myocardial infarction (MI) pathogenesis, pharmacogenomic approaches to uncover drug target have not been extensively explored. A critical search of published literature has suggested few inflammatory genes directly involved in the risk to develop CHD and MI. The selected genes are, the pro- …
Cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenic, apoptotic effects and transcript profiling of a naturally occurring naphthyl butenone, guieranone A
2012
Abstract Background Malignant diseases are responsible of approximately 13% of all deaths each year in the world. Natural products represent a valuable source for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The present study was aimed at evaluating the cytotoxicity of a naphtyl butanone isolated from the leaves of Guiera senegalensis, guieranone A (GA). Results The results indicated that GA was active on 91.67% of the 12 tested cancer cell lines, the IC50 values below 4 μg/ml being recorded on 83.33% of them. In addition, the IC50 values obtained on human lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM (0.73 μg/ml) and its resistant subline CEM/ADR5000 (1.01 μg/ml) and on lung adenocarcinoma A549 (0.72 μg/m…
Pharmacogenomic determination of genes associated with sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to curcumin and curcumin derivatives
2010
Curcuma longa L. has long been used as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine against abdominal disorders. Its active constituent curcumin has anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties. In the present investigation, we have analyzed the cytotoxic activity of curcumin and four derivatives. Among these compounds, ethoxycurcumintrithiadiazolaminomethylcarbonate was the most cytotoxic one. The curcumin-type compounds were not cross-resistant to standard anticancer drugs and were not involved in ATP-binding cassette transporter-mediated multidrug resistance. A combined approach of messenger RNA-based microarray profiling, COMPARE analyses and signaling pathway analys…
[Pharmacogenomics of antiretrovirals].
2008
HIV infection is a serious but treatable disease, yet current treatment is limited by development of resistance and high rates of adverse drug reactions. Antiretroviral therapy is especially suitable for pharmacogenomic investigation as both drug exposure and treatment response can be reliably measured. Increasing knowledge about genes implicated in pharmacokinetics, mode of action, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs has already provided relevant results for clinical practice, for example: The strong association of the abacavir hypersensitivity reaction with HLA-B*5701 permits testing patients for the allele, and if present avoiding the drug and therefore preventing the reaction. Persons with …
OSAnalyzer
2018
OSAnalyzer is a software tool able to compute the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of cancer patients and evaluate their association with ADME gene variants.
Abstract 5109: Beyond malaria: Second career of artesunate as cancer drug
2017
Abstract More than a decade ago, we initiated a research program on the molecular pharmacology of phytochemicals derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. Bioactive plant extracts have been fractionated by chromatographic techniques. We isolated bioactive compounds and elucidated their chemical structures by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. A promising compounds was artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. and its semisynthetic compound artesunate. Artemisinin and artesunate are anti-malarial drugs. Our data indicated profound activity against cancer cells, but also against various viruses, Schistosoma, Trypanosoma, and even plant crown gall tumors. To elucidate the molecular mode o…
Pharmacogenomics in colorectal carcinomas: Future perspectives in personalized therapy
2005
The recent introduction of new drugs such as capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatinum has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, some patients may suffer from the adverse drug reactions which will probably be the main cause of chemotherapy failure. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to find correlations between therapeutic responses to drugs and the genetic profiles of patients; the different responses to a particular drug are due, in fact, not only to the specific clinico-pathological features of the patient or to environmental factors, but also to the ethnic origins and the particular individual's genetic profile. Genes …
An overview of statin-induced myopathy and perspectives for the future
2020
Introduction: Statins remain the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drug class for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Their well-recognized side effects are known as statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Some advances in this field have been made in recent years, but the understanding of the mechanisms has lagged. Investigating the specific role of the anti-HMGCR autoantibody, pharmacokinetic genetic variants, characterization of the known phenotypes of statin toxicity, in relation to clinical markers of disease, is of high importance. Areas covered: We summarized currently available findings (on PubMed) related to SAMS and discussed the therapeutic approaches,…
The Epistemics of “Personalized Medicine”. Rebranding Pharmacogenetics
2015
Whereas chapter 4 focuses on uses and normative claims of the rhetorical frame “Personalized Medicine” in medical and popular writings, chapter 5 analyzes the intellectual formation of pharmacogenetic, -genomics as a disciplinary field. It explores when, how, and why the leading journals in the field present themselves as part of the overall phenomenon labelled “Personalized Medicine”. Pharmacogenetic journals founded at the beginning of the twenty-first century, not only adopted the rhetorical framing of PM, but also branded pharmacogenomics as a milestone in medical history. Their vision extended to a large societal context that included not only pharmacology and genetics, but also broad …