Search results for "Pharmacokinetics"
showing 10 items of 458 documents
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of esomeprazole for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
2014
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for the treatment of acid-related diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They are recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology for healing erosive esophagitis (EO) and as long-term treatment in patients with healed EO. The available PPIs differ somewhat in their pharmacokinetics and clinical properties, but whether these differences are of clinical relevance is a matter of debate. Some safety concerns have been raised with the use of PPIs, mostly an increased incidence of infectious diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia or Clostridium difficile diarrhea.This article explores the results of clinical studies on…
Using pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in people with hemophilia switching between clotting factor products: A scoping review.
2019
Abstract The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the current use of pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in hemophilia patients switching between clotting factor products. Patients with hemophilia may require switching of clotting factor concentrates due to a variety of factors, but there have been perceived risks associated with switching, such as inhibitor development or suboptimal protection due to inadequate dosing while titrating treatment. Studies that look at patients switching from one clotting factor concentrate to another are categorized in terms of their primary and/or secondary objectives, notably biosimilarity and comparative pharmacokinetic studies and inhib…
Genotype-driven pharmacokinetic simulations of warfarin levels in Puerto Ricans.
2020
Abstract Objectives The inter-individual variability of warfarin dosing has been linked to genetic polymorphisms. This study was aimed at performing genotype-driven pharmacokinetic (PK) simulations to predict warfarin levels in Puerto Ricans. Methods Analysis of each individual dataset was performed by one-compartmental modeling using WinNonlin®v6.4. The k e of warfarin given a cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) genotype ranged from 0.0189 to 0.0075 h−1. K a and V d parameters were taken from literature. Data from 128 subjects were divided into two groups (i.e., wild-types and carriers) and statistical analyses of PK parameters were performed by unpaired t-tests. Results In the carrier group (n=6…
Idarubicin-loaded beads for chemoembolisation of hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the IDASPHERE phase I trial
2014
SummaryBackground A phase I dose-escalation trial of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) with idarubicin-loaded beads was performed in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim To estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to assess safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and quality of life. Methods Patients received a single TACE session with injection of 2 mL drug-eluting beads (DEBs; DC Bead 300–500 μm) loaded with idarubicin. The idarubicin dose was escalated according to a modified continuous reassessment method. MTD was defined as the dose level closest to that causing dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in 20% of patients. Results Twenty-one patients were enrolled, inclu…
Pharmacokinetics of anidulafungin during albumin dialysis
2014
In the ICU setting, current guidelines recommend echi-nocandins as the first-line treatment for invasive candi-diasis [1]. Albumin dialysis (AD) has been used in theICU as supportive therapy for hepatic failure, but thistechnique can significantly enhance drug elimination [2].We prescribed anidulafungin for suspected invasivecandidiasis in a patient with severe liver failure treatedwith AD and measured the plasma concentrations of thedrug using high-performance liquid chromatography.This study (GEF-ANI-2010-02) was approved by thelocal ethics committee (INCLIVA, Institute of Research,Valencia, Spain) and written informed consent wasobtained from the patient’s next of kin. An adult patientwa…
Comprehensive pharmacokinetic model of insulin Glargine and other insulin formulations.
2005
In this paper, a comprehensive pharmacokinetic model for different insulin formulations including insulin Glargine is developed based on the model proposed by Trajanoski et al. (1993). Current models show limitations for insulin Glargine due to the appearance of an uncharacteristic peak in the concentration-time evolution of plasma insulin that does not coincide with real experimental data. This important limitation has been solved in this paper by introducing a new virtual insulin state called the bound state, in addition to the dimeric and hexameric ones. Trying to describe the retarded action of insulin Glargine, the modeling idea behind this approach is that immediately after the subcut…
Exploring gastric emptying rate in minipigs: Effect of food type and pre-dosing of metoclopramide.
2018
The present study investigated the gastric emptying rate in Gottingen minipigs pre- and post-prandial and evaluated the effect of metoclopramide on the same parameter, using paracetamol as an absorption marker. The pharmacokinetic evaluation of the obtained plasma concentration data for paracetamol demonstrated that the fastest gastric emptying rate was observed in the animals that were allowed access to normal pig food. There was no significant difference in the stomach emptying rate observed between fasted and fed minipigs, when fed either with a FDA standard breakfast or a nutritional energy drink. Pre-dosing minipigs with metoclopramide (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) did not demonstrate any effect …
Chronical haloperidol and clozapine treatment in rats: Differential RNA display analysis, behavioral studies and serum level determination
1998
1. Adult, female rats were treated orally for 23 days with 1.6 mg/kg haloperidol or 36 mg/kg clozapine per day, to study chronic effects of the two neuroleptics. 2. At five time points during the neuroleptic treatment, animal behavior was recorded in an open field and locomotive activity was analysed. At the end of the experiment, rats were decapitated, blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of haloperidol and clozapine were determined by a radioreceptor or HPLC assay, respectively. RNA was isolated from each brain, without cerebellum, and subjected to differential RNA display. 3. Mean serum concentrations were 8 ng/ml for haloperidol and 21 ng/ml for clozapine. Analysis of o…
Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of esomeprazole and ASA for the prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers in cardiovascular patients.
2012
Low-dose aspirin (ASA, 75 - 325 mg/day) is widely used for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. However, the value of primary prevention ASA is uncertain as the reduction in occlusive events needs to be weighed against the significant increase in major bleedings. Prevention with antisecretory drugs has been proposed to reduce the incidence of ASA-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleedings, but non-adherence to gastro-protection is of concern, as it significantly increases the risk of upper GI adverse events. Beside patients and physicians education, one approach to overcome non-adherence is the development of fixed-dose combination.This review explores the resu…