Search results for "Phase"

showing 10 items of 6344 documents

Brookite, the Least Known TiO2 Photocatalyst

2013

Brookite is the least studied TiO2 photocatalyst due to the difficulties usually encountered in order to obtain it as a pure phase. In this review, a comprehensive survey of the different methods available for preparing brookite powders and films is reported. Attention has been paid both to the most traditional methods, such as hydrothermal processes at high temperatures and pressures, and to environmentally benign syntheses using water soluble compounds and water as the solvent. Papers reporting the photocatalytic activity of pure and brookite-based samples have been reviewed.

Materials scienceBrookiteInorganic chemistrybrookite nanostructuresTio2 photocatalystbrookitelcsh:Chemical technologyCatalysisHydrothermal circulationbrookite-based photocatalystslcsh:ChemistrySolventWater solublelcsh:QD1-999visual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPhotocatalysisTiO2lcsh:TP1-1185brookite filmsPhysical and Theoretical Chemistrymixtures of TiO2 phasesCatalysts
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Study of scintillation light collection, production and propagation in a 4 tonne dual-phase LArTPC

2020

The $3 \times 1 \times 1$ m$^3$ demonstrator is a dual phase liquid argon time projection chamber that has recorded cosmic rays events in 2017 at CERN. The light signal in these detectors is crucial to provide precise timing capabilities. The performances of the photon detection system, composed of five PMTs, are discussed. The collected scintillation and electroluminescence light created by passing particles has been studied in various detector conditions. In particular, the scintillation light production and propagation processes have been analyzed and compared to simulations, improving the understanding of some liquid argon properties.

photon: propagationPhotomultiplierCERN LabPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorstutkimuslaitteetPerformance of High Energy Physics DetectorPhase (waves)FOS: Physical sciencesCosmic rayNoble liquid detectors (scintillation ionization double-phase)Scintillator01 natural sciences7. Clean energyHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Optics0103 physical sciences[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex][PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Detectors and Experimental Techniques010306 general physicsInstrumentationphysics.ins-detMathematical Physicsscintillation counterPhysicsScintillationTime projection chamberphotomultiplier010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryhep-exDetectorScintillators scintillation and light emission processes (solid gas and liquid scintillators)Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)time projection chamber: liquid argonNoble liquid detectors (scintillation ionization double-phase); Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors; Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomulti-pliers HPDs others); Scintillators scintillation and light emission processes (solid gas and liquidscintillators)Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers HPDs others)FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALEilmaisimetScintillation counterbusinesskosminen säteilyperformanceParticle Physics - Experiment
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The Cumulative Effect of Transient Synchrony States on Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease.

2020

Bursts of beta frequency band activity in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with impaired motor performance. Here we test in human adults whether small variations in the timing of movement relative to beta bursts have a critical effect on movement velocity and whether the cumulative effects of multiple beta bursts, both locally and across networks, matter.

0301 basic medicineMaleParkinson's diseaseBehavioral/CognitiveParkinson's diseaseDeep Brain StimulationElectroencephalography Phase Synchronization610 Medicine & healthLocal field potentialHypokinesialocal field potentialsBasal Ganglia03 medical and health sciencesBursting0302 clinical medicineSubthalamic NucleusBasal gangliaMedicineHumansBeta (finance)610 Medicine & healthCumulative effectResearch ArticlesAgedCued speechbeta oscillationsbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceParkinson DiseaseMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseSubthalamic nucleus030104 developmental biologyFemaleCuesbusinessBeta RhythmNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryPhotic StimulationPsychomotor Performance
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Analysis of thiabendazole and procymidone in fruits and vegetables by capillary electrophoresis–electrospray mass spectrometry

2002

Abstract A capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry method for determining procymidone and thiabendazole in apples, grapes, oranges, pears, strawberries and tomatoes is described. Separation is achieved using a buffer of formic acid–ammonium formate at pH 3.5 with 2% of methanol. Fungicide residues present in the sample are preconcentrated by both solid-phase extraction and injection of large sample volumes into the capillary by a stacking technique, to obtain lower detection limits. Ionization is performed at atmospheric pressure in an electrospray type source and detection is carried out using positive ionization and selected ion monitoring modes. The quantitation limits are 0.005 and …

Detection limitSpectrometry Mass Electrospray IonizationElectrosprayChromatographyOrganic ChemistryPesticide ResiduesElectrophoresis CapillaryGeneral MedicineMass spectrometrySensitivity and SpecificityBiochemistryFungicides IndustrialAnalytical ChemistryBridged Bicyclo Compoundschemistry.chemical_compoundCapillary electrophoresischemistryFruitThiabendazoleVegetablesSample preparationSelected ion monitoringSolid phase extractionProcymidoneJournal of Chromatography A
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Soret Effect In Forced Rayleigh-scattering

1987

In forced Rayleigh scattering of mixtures or suspensions the temperature gratings generate, by the Soret effect, concentration gratings that may be very important since they produce both a phase and an amplitude grating superimposed on the principal one. The experimental evidence of their influence was given by Thyagarajan and Lallemand using a mixture of carbondisulfide and ethanol. In this paper we study the temporal behaviour of the concentration grating versus the sample properties and its effect on the detected diffracted beam. Explicit expressions are given for the output intensity taking into account both the generated amplitude and phase gratings.

DiffractionMaterials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)business.industryscatteringGeneral EngineeringPhase (waves)Physics::OpticsGeneral Physics and AstronomySoret effectGratingThermophoresisIntensity (physics)symbols.namesakeOpticsAmplitudesymbolsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsRayleigh scatteringAtomic physicsbusinessBeam (structure)
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Attraction to male pheromones and sexual behaviour show different regulatory mechanisms in female mice.

2004

In rodents, female sexual behaviour is under hormonal control. The attraction females show for male-derived nonvolatile chemicals (pheromones) can be regarded as the first step of this behaviour, but it is unknown whether this attraction is also modulated by sexual steroids. To test this possibility, ovariectomized adult female mice with no experience of chemical signals from adult males were randomly assigned to four groups that received oil (control), progesterone, estradiol (E) or estradiol+progesterone (E+P) injections, respectively. Females were then tested for their attraction to male-soiled bedding and, subsequently, for their proceptive behaviour when confronted to adult males. Fema…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyAgingsteroid hormonesVomeronasal organExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyProceptive phaseBiologyPheromonesvomeronasal systemBehavioral NeuroscienceMiceSexual Behavior AnimalInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsEstrous cycleSex CharacteristicsamygdalaAttractionSexual intercourseEndocrinologySex pheromoneExploratory BehaviorPheromoneFemaleSteroidsfemale sexual behaviourpheromonesattractionSex characteristicsPhysiologybehavior
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Computational determination of the dominant triplet population mechanism in photoexcited benzophenone

2014

In benzophenone, intersystem crossing occurs efficiently between the S-1(n pi(star)) state and the T-1 state of dominant n pi(star) character, leading to excited triplet states after photoexcitation. The transition mechanism between S-1(n pi(star)) and T-1 is still a matter of debate, despite several experimental studies. Quantum mechanical calculations have been performed in order to assess the relative efficiencies of previously proposed mechanisms, in particular, the direct S-1 -> T-1 and indirect S-1 -> T-2(pi pi(star)) -> T-1 ones. Multiconfigurational wave function based methods are used to discuss the nature of the relevant states and also to determine minimum energy paths a…

STATE DIPOLE-MOMENTSPopulationMechanistic organic photochemistryEXCITED BENZOPHENONEGeneral Physics and AstronomyGAS-PHASEABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPYchemistry.chemical_compoundORGANIC-PHOTOCHEMISTRYMOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONSBenzophenonePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryeducationWave functioneducation.field_of_studyROW ATOMSChemistryCONICAL INTERSECTIONSPhotoexcitation[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryIntersystem crossingExcited state2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORYANO BASIS-SETSAtomic physicsPhosphorescence
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Rugged Large Volume Injection for Sensitive Capillary LC-MS Environmental Monitoring

2017

A rugged and high throughput capillary column (cLC) LC-MS switching platform using large volume injection and on-line automatic filtration and filter back-flush (AFFL) solid phase extraction (SPE) for analysis of environmental water samples with minimal sample preparation is presented. Although narrow columns and on-line sample preparation are used in the platform, high ruggedness is achieved e.g. injection of 100 non-filtrated water samples would did not result in a pressure rise/clogging of the SPE/capillary columns (inner diameter 300 µm). In addition, satisfactory retention time stability and chromatographic resolution were also features of the system. The potential of the platform for …

Resolution (mass spectrometry)Capillary actionAnalytical chemistry02 engineering and technologycapillary LC01 natural scienceslaw.inventionlcsh:ChemistrylawLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometrySample preparationSolid phase extractionon-line solid phase extractionFiltrationOriginal ResearchDetection limitChromatographyChemistry010401 analytical chemistryGeneral ChemistryRepeatability021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencespharmaceutical productsChemistrylcsh:QD1-999column switchinglarge volume injection0210 nano-technologyFrontiers in Chemistry
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Determination of type A and type B trichothecenes in paprika and chili pepper using LC-triple quadrupole-MS and GC-ECD.

2011

There is a need to develop sensitive and accurate analytical methods for determining deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin in paprika to properly assess the relevant risk of human exposure. An optimized analytical method for determination of HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection and another method for determination of DON by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in paprika was developed. The method for determination of HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin that gave the best recoveries involved extraction of the sample with acetonitrile-water (84:16, v/v), clean-up by solid-phase extraction on a cartridge made of different sorbent material…

Detection limitResidue (complex analysis)ChromatographyChromatography GasElutionChemistryExtraction (chemistry)Mass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistryTriple quadrupole mass spectrometerT-2 ToxinHumansSample preparationGas chromatographySolid phase extractionCapsicumTrichothecenesChromatography LiquidTalanta
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K− over K+ multiplicity ratio for kaons produced in DIS with a large fraction of the virtual-photon energy

2018

The K$^{-}$ over K$^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is measured in deep-inelastic scattering, for the first time for kaons carrying a large fraction $z$ of the virtual-photon energy. The data were obtained by the COMPASS collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar $^6$LiD target. The regime of deep-inelastic scattering is ensured by requiring $Q^2>1$ (GeV/$c)^2$ for the photon virtuality and $W>5$ GeV/$c^2$ for the invariant mass of the produced hadronic system. Kaons are identified in the momentum range from 12 GeV/$c$ to 40 GeV/$c$, thereby restricting the range in Bjorken-$x$ to $0.010.75$. For very large values of $z$, $i.e.$ $z>0.8$, we observe the kaon multiplicity ratio to fall …

Hadron0 [higher-order]target: isoscalar01 natural sciencesCOMPASSdeep inelastic scattering [muon+ nucleon]High Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)K: multiplicityHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]isoscalar [target]Invariant massNuclear ExperimentBosonPhysicsQuantum chromodynamicsquark: fragmentation functionhigher-order: 0photonperturbation theory: higher-orderhep-phмюоныlcsh:QC1-999Bjorken [scaling]High Energy Physics - Phenomenologybeam [muon]рассеяниеfactorization [cross section]multiplicity [pi]Particle Physics - Experimentperturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics]Particle physicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsMesonFOS: Physical sciencesratio [multiplicity]530fragmentation function [quark]x-dependencescaling: Bjorkencharged particle: multiplicityphase spacemultiplicity [charged particle][ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]виртуальные фотоны0103 physical sciencesddc:530universalityquantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory010306 general physicsParticle Physics - Phenomenologymuon+ nucleon: deep inelastic scatteringMuonmultiplicity: ratiopi: multiplicity010308 nuclear & particles physicshep-exmuon: beamMultiplicity (mathematics)cross section: factorizationCERN SPSDeep inelastic scatteringhigher-order [perturbation theory][PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]каоны[ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]High Energy Physics::Experimentmultiplicity [K]hadronizationlcsh:Physicsexperimental resultsPhysics Letters B
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