Search results for "Philo"
showing 10 items of 8386 documents
Regular el juego para prevenir la adicción: hoy más necesario que nunca
2016
En mayo de 2013 aparecio la quinta edicion de la clasificacion de los trastornos mentales (DSM-5) de la American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), en la cual se incluye el trastorno de juego dentro de la categoria de trastornos adictivos, que es algo que era demandado desde hace decadas desde los ambitos clinicos, sociales y cientificos. El juego de azar, que segun la propia APA tiene la misma consideracion que las drogas o el alcohol en cuanto a la activacion de los circuitos cerebrales de recompensa y a las consecuencias clinicas del trastorno del juego, no tiene, sin embargo, esa consideracion desde el principal ambito desde donde se debe llevar a cabo la prevencion de la adiccion, qu…
Von der KI-Ethik zur Bewusstseinsethik: Ethische Aspekte der Computational Psychiatry
2021
Zusammenfassung Ziel Ermittlung ethischer Probleme, die sich aus KI-Forschung und Computational Psychiatry für die psychiatrische Forschung und Praxis ergeben. Methode Begriffliche Analyse und Diskussion ethisch relevanter Projekte innerhalb der Computational Psychiatry. Ergebnisse Die Computational Psychiatry verspricht v. a. einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Diagnostik und Therapie(-prognosen). Ethische Probleme betreffen u. a. den Umgang mit Datenschutz, Folgen für unser Selbstverständnis sowie das Risiko der Biologisierung und der Vernachlässigung des bewussten Erlebens. Schlussfolgerung Es ist erforderlich, sich jetzt mit möglichen Anwendungen der KI und Computational Psychiatry zu be…
La alteración de la mielina en la enfermedad de Alexander
2018
Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Alexander (AxD) es una leucodistrofia. Su base patológica, junto a la pérdida de mielina, es la aparición de los cuerpos de Rosenthal, que son inclusiones citoplasmáticas en células astrocitarias. Mutaciones en el gen que codifica la GFAP se han identificado como una base genética para AxD. Sin embargo, no se conoce el mecanismo por el cual estas variantes producen la enfermedad. Desarrollo: La hipótesis más extendida es que AxD se desarrolla por un mecanismo por ganancia de función debido al incremento de GFAP. Sin embargo, este mecanismo no explica la pérdida mielínica, dado que los modelos experimentales que expresan GFAP normal o mutada no generan…
A reconciliation with Darwin? Divergent views on evolutionism in Erich Wasmann and Jaime Pujiula, biologists and Jesuits
2016
A diferencia del cas Galileu, l’esglesia Catolica ha gestionat amb discrecio el pensament evolucionista i les obres de Charles Darwin. Entre els cientifics catolics, hi trobem defensors d’un evolucionisme amanit amb remarcables excepcions relacionades amb l’origen divi de la vida i de l’especie humana. L’entomoleg i jesuita Erich Wasmann arriba a la conclusio que la teoria evolutiva podia donar explicacio a les seues observacions sobre els mirmecofils i adopta un evolucionisme catolicament matisat que Ernst Haeckel considerava fraudulent pero molt perillos. El bioleg i jesuita catala Jaume Pujiula segui l’obra de Wasmann tot i prenent posicions ideologiques mes radicals que la de l’entomole…
History and reality of the genus 'Homo' : what is it and why do we think so?
2017
Paleoanthropologists who worry about how nature is organized into species, and about what we should call them, are very often accused by their peers of «just arguing about names». This implies that basic taxonomy is a boring clerical operation that should be dispensed with as quickly as possible or even ignored, so that we can get to the really interesting questions about human evolution. Yet the reality is that we shall never understand the events of the intricate human evolutionary play if we cannot accurately identify the actors who participated in that drama. This article looks briefly at how our current supremely woolly concept of the genus Homo has come about, as background for urging…
Predicting limiting 'free sugar' consumption using an integrated model of health behavior.
2019
Excess intake of 'free sugars' is a key predictor of chronic disease, obesity, and dental ill health. Given the importance of determining modifiable predictors of free sugar-related dietary behaviors, we applied the integrated behavior change model to predict free sugar limiting behaviors. The model includes constructs representing 'reasoned' or deliberative processes that lead to action (e.g., social cognition constructs, intentions), and constructs representing 'non-conscious' or implicit processes (e.g., implicit attitudes, behavioral automaticity) as predictors of behavior. Undergraduate students (N = 205) completed measures of autonomous and controlled motivation, the theory of planned…
Differential contributions of the two human cerebral hemispheres to action timing
2019
Rhythmic actions benefit from synchronization with external events. Auditory-paced finger tapping studies indicate the two cerebral hemispheres preferentially control different rhythms. It is unclear whether left-lateralized processing of faster rhythms and right-lateralized processing of slower rhythms bases upon hemispheric timing differences that arise in the motor or sensory system or whether asymmetry results from lateralized sensorimotor interactions. We measured fMRI and MEG during symmetric finger tapping, in which fast tapping was defined as auditory-motor synchronization at 2.5 Hz. Slow tapping corresponded to tapping to every fourth auditory beat (0.625 Hz). We demonstrate that t…
Gene-environment interactions between education and body mass: Evidence from the UK and Finland
2017
More education is associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) and likelihood of being overweight. However, since a large proportion of the variation in body mass is due to genetic makeup, it has been hypothesized that education may moderate the genetic risk. We estimate main associations between (i) education, (ii) genetic risk, and (iii) interactions between education and genetic risk on BMI and the probability of being overweight in the UK and Finland. The estimates show that education is negatively associated with BMI and overweightness, and genetic risk is positively associated. However, the interactions between education and genetic risk are small and statistically insignificant. pee…
It is Time for Action in the Struggle against Antibiotic-Resistance, Let’s Start Reducing or Replacing Antibiotics in Agriculture
2016
Million people around the world are infected each year and thousands of them die from pathogens that are resistant to the treatment by any of known antibiotics [1]. The excessive use and abuse of antibiotics in clinical setting and in agriculture, added to the great ability of microorganisms to evolve, are the causes of the wide spread of isolates resistant to all major classes of current antibiotics. It is time for action in order to tackle antimicrobial-resistance (AMR), which can be considered a major threat to global health care and security. While we are waiting for new antimicrobial molecules and strategies, shorter-term approaches are needed to address the menace of AMR and preserve …
Mechanism of the OH Radical Addition to Adenine from Quantum-Chemistry Determinations of Reaction Paths and Spectroscopic Tracking of the Intermediat…
2016
The OH radical is a well-known mediator in the oxidation of biological structures like DNA. Over the past decades, the precise events taking place after reaction of DNA nucleobases with OH radical have been widely investigated by the scientific community. Thirty years after the proposal of the main routes for the reaction of •OH with adenine (Vieira, A.; Steenken, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6986−6994), the present work demonstrates that the OH radical addition to C4 position is a minor pathway. Instead, the dehydration process is mediated by the A5OH adduct. Conclusions are based on density functional theory calculations for the ground-state reactivity and highly accurate multiconfigur…