Search results for "Photoelectron spectroscopy"
showing 10 items of 439 documents
Synthesis and Characterization of the Hybrid Clay-Based Material Montmorillonite-Melanoidin: A Potential Soil Model
2010
The study of the interactions among metals, minerals, and humic substances is essential in understanding the migration of inorganic pollutants in the geosphere. A considerable amount of organic matter in the environment is associated with clay minerals. To understand the role of organic matter in the environment and its association with clay minerals, a hybrid clay-based material (HCM), montmorillonite (STx-1)-melanoidin, was prepared from L-tyrosine and L-glutamic acid by the Maillard reaction. The HCM was characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM), and thermal analysis. The presence…
Selective photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol on platinized acid/base modified TiO2
2021
TiO2 catalysts, modified with acidic or alkaline solutions and then platinized, were used for the partial photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol to 3-pyridinemethanal and vitamin B-3 under environmentally friendly conditions. The reaction took place in water under UVA light and air oxygen. Catalysts were characterized by TEM, photoluminescence, DRIFT-IR, Raman, DRS, XPS, and photocurrent measurements. The photocatalytic activity results show that Pt loading of untreated samples leads to a significant activity improvement (hence product yield) as much as acid and alkaline treatments do. Moreover, the alkaline treated TiO2 samples exhibit a further increase in activity after loading w…
Discrete bond model (DBM) of sodium silicate glasses derived from XPS, Raman and NMR measurements
1993
In sodium silicate glasses, the fraction of differently bound Si species Q[i] (i = 0−4), depending on the number i of bridging oxygens bound to the quarternary silicon, is a function of stoichiometry and the Na/Si ratio. Sodium silicate glasses were investigated by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To explain the differences in chemical shifts and linewidths of the O 1s signal of the bridging and the non-bridging oxygen as a function of alkali concentration, and extended glass model was developed. This new model takes into account the influence of the alkali concentration on the Q[i] distribution and on the appearance and concentrations of differently bound bridging oxygens …
Amorphous Complexes MM (EDTA) (H2O)4 · 2H2O . LAXS and XPS Investigation of the Local Structure
1988
Abstract The amorphous MM (EDTA)(H2O)4·2 H2O (M = Ni,Co) substances are made up of infinite chains of alternating "hydrated" and "chelated" octahedra bridged by carboxylate groups: M(H2O)4 - M(EDTA)-M(H2O)4-... . XPS enables to ascertain that the coordination of the EDTA ligand in the amorphous phase is identical to that in the crystalline phase, i.e., hexacoordination toward the M atom and two bridging groups in the Ni -Ni, Co - Co compounds.
Structural characterization of U(VI) surface complexes on kaolinite in the presence of humic acid using EXAFS spectroscopy.
2007
To determine the influence of humic acid (HA), pH, and presence of atmospheric CO2 on the sorption of U(VI) onto kaolinite, the structure of the surface complexes was studied by U L III-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The best fits to the experimental EXAFS data were obtained by including two uranium coordination shells with two axial (O ax) and five equatorial (O eq) oxygen atoms at 1.77+/-0.02 and 2.34+/-0.02 A, respectively, and two coordination shells with one Al/Si atom each at 3.1 and 3.3 A. As in the case of the binary system U(VI)-kaolinite, uranium forms inner-sphere surface complexes by edge sharing with aluminum octahedra and/or silicon tetrahe…
Support effect on the catalytic performance of Au/Co3O4–CeO2 catalysts for CO and CH4 oxidation
2008
Gold-based catalysts supported on Co3O4, on CeO2 and on mixed Co3O4-CeO2 oxides were prepared by co-precipitation. They were tested in the catalytic oxidation of CO and CH4, in separate tests, and their activities were compared with that of the bare oxides. Tests of CH4 oxidation were performed in two consecutive runs in order to evaluate the catalysts stability. The effect of SO2 in the reactant mixture was investigated. The fresh and spent catalysts were analsed by XRD, BET, TPR and XPS techniques. Among the fresh catalysts, Au supported on CeO2 was the most active in CO oxidation whereas Au supported on Co3O4 was the most active for methane total oxidation. Synergy between the two oxides…
Proximity Effect using a Nanocage Structure: Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Imidazolium Tetrachloro- palladate Salt as a Precatalyst for the Su…
2016
A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-imidazolium tetrachloropalladate salt (POSS-Imi-PdCl4) was prepared by the reaction of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-imidazolium chloride salt (POSS-Imi-Cl) with PdCl2 and used as a pre-catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in water at 100 °C at a low loading (0.08-0.16 mol %). Biphenyl compounds were isolated in high to excellent yields. A comparison of the POSS-based catalyst with the corresponding catalyst without the nanocage structure (i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloropalladate) highlighted the role of the POSS structure to reach higher yields in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. This result is ascribed to a proximity effect of …
“Supported Co3O4-CeO2 monoliths: effect of preparation method and Pd-Pt promotion on the CO/CH4 oxidation activity”
2006
Abstract Two structured composite oxides, Co3O4(30wt%)-CeO2(70wt%), have been prepared by washcoating commercial cordierite monoliths with a CeO2-γAl2O3 layer, on which the active phase Co3O4-CeO2 was added through two different methods: dip-coating from a suspension containing the preformed active oxide or impregnation with a solution of the cobalt and cerium precursors. Morphological characterizations of the monoliths have been performed by BET, and SEM-EDAX analyses. Electronic and reduction properties have been evaluated by XPS and H2-TPR, respectively. The effect of the preparation method has been investigated in the catalytic oxidation of CO, whereas the promotion by a low content of …
Oxidation-Induced Changes in the ALD-Al2O3/InAs(100) Interface and Control of the Changes for Device Processing
2018
InAs crystals are emerging materials for various devices like radio frequency transistors and infrared sensors. Control of oxidation-induced changes is essential for decreasing amounts of the harmful InAs surface (or interface) defects because it is hard to avoid the energetically favored oxidation of InAs surface parts in device processing. We have characterized atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) grown Al2O3/InAs interfaces, preoxidized differently, with synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. The chemical environment and core-level shifts are clarified for w…
Reduction-oxidation dynamics of oxidized graphene: Functional group composition dependent path to reduction
2018
Micrometer-sized oxidation patterns containing varying composition of functional groups including epoxy, ether, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, were created in chemical vapor deposition grown graphene through scanning probe lithography and pulsed laser two-photon oxidation. The oxidized graphene films were then reduced by a focused x-ray beam. Through in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, we found that the path to complete reduction depends critically on the total oxygen coverage and concentration of epoxy and ether groups. Over the threshold concentrations, a complex reduction-oxidation process involving conversion of functional groups of lower binding energy to higher bindin…