Search results for "Physical exercise"
showing 10 items of 462 documents
Physical activity and aerobic fitness show different associations with brain processes underlying anticipatory selective visuospatial attention in ad…
2021
ABSTRACTUnderlying brain processes of exercise-related benefits on executive functions and the specific contribution of physical activity vs. aerobic fitness are poorly understood, especially during adolescence. We explored whether and how physical activity and aerobic fitness are associated with selective attention and the oscillatory dynamics induced by an anticipatory spatial cue. Further, we studied whether the link between physical exercise level and cognitive control in adolescents is mediated by the task-related oscillatory activity. Magnetoencephalographic alpha oscillations during a modified Posner’s cueing paradigm were measured in 59 adolescents (37 females and 22 males, 12 to 17…
Sport participation and vigilance in children: Influence of different sport expertise
2018
PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different types of sport expertise (externally-paced vs. self-paced sports) and vigilance performance in children by evaluating the cardiovascular fitness level of the participants. METHODS: Three groups of children (11.0 ± 0.2 years) differentiated in terms of their regular sport participation (football players, n = 20; track and field athletes, n = 20; non-athletic controls, n = 20) took part in the study. In one session, participants performed the Leger Multi-stage fitness test to estimate their aerobic fitness level. In another session, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) to evaluate their v…
The relationship between vigilance capacity and physical exercise: a mixed-effects multistudy analysis
2019
We thank to all the participants who took part in the experiment.
A lower-limb training program to improve balance in healthy elderly women using the T-Bow® Device
2009
Ageing impairs balance, which increases the risk of falls. Fall-related injuries are a serious health problem associated with dependency and disability in the elderly and results in high costs to public health systems. This study aims to determine the effects of a training program to develop balance using a new device called the T-Bow (R). A total of 28 women > 65 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) (n = 18; 69.50 [0.99] years), or a control group (CG) (n = 10; 70.70 [2.18] years). A program for lower limbs was applied for 8 weeks using 5 exercises on the T-Bow (R): squat, lateral and frontal swings, lunges, and plantarflexions. The intensity of the exercises was cont…
A comparison of elastic tubing and isotonic resistance exercises.
2010
The aim of this study was to assess eff ects of a short-term resistance program on strength in fi t young women using weight machines / free weights or elastic tubing. 42 physically fi t women (21.79 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (i) the Thera-Band ® Exercise Station Group (TBG); (ii) the weight machines / free weights group (MFWG); or (iii) the control group (CG). Each experimental group performed the same periodised training program that lasted for 8 weeks, with 2 – 4 sessions per week and 3 – 4 sets of 8 – 15 submaximal reps. A load cell (Isocontrol; ATEmicro, Madrid, Spain) was used to test the evolution of the Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction (MIVC…
Exercise as a Model to Study Oxidative Stress
2011
Physical exercise generates free radicals. The major source of radicals in exercise appears to be extracellular. Our experiments show that xanthine oxidase is a key player in the generation of superoxide during exercise. Mitochondrial contribution appears to be less important: during high oxygen utilization by mitochondria in state 3, the proportion of oxygen that is converted to superoxide is on an order of magnitude lower than in resting, state 4 conditions. Exercise-induced radicals constitute a double-edged sword: high intensity exercise causes the generation of relatively high concentrations of radicals that cause oxidative stress and eventually damage. On the other hand, low intensit…
Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training?
2015
Physical exercise increases the cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle, liver, and other organs. This is unlikely due to increased mitochondrial production but rather to extramitochondrial sources such as NADPH oxidase or xanthine oxidase. We have reported a xanthine oxidase-mediated increase in ROS production in many experimental models from isolated cells to humans. Originally, ROS were considered as detrimental and thus as a likely cause of cell damage associated with exhaustion. In the past decade, evidence showing that ROS act as signals has been gathered and thus the idea that antioxidant supplementation in exercise is always recommendable has proved incorrect.…
Residual cardiovascular risk of lipid origin. Components and pathophysiological aspects
2019
Abstract There is no doubt about the relationship between LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, as well as about the benefits of statin treatment. Once the objective of LDL-C has been achieved, the evidences that demonstrate the persistence of a high cardiovascular risk, a concept called residual risk, are notable. The residual risk of lipid origin is based on atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterised by an increase in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a decrease in HDL-C and qualitative alterations in LDL particles. The most commonly used measures to identify this dyslipidemia are based on the determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol and remaining …
Physical exercise neuroprotects ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice through BDNF mechanisms.
2014
Postmenopausal women may be more vulnerable to cognitive loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD) than premenopausal women because of their deficiency in estrogens, in addition to their usually older age. Aerobic physical exercise has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for maintaining health and well-being in postmenopausal women, and for improving brain health and plasticity in populations at high risk for AD. To study the neuroprotective mechanisms of physical exercise in a postmenopausal animal model, we submitted previously ovariectomized, six-month old non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice to three months of voluntary exercise in a running wheel. At nine months of age, we observed lower grip s…
The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients
2018
Physical exercise is considered an effective means to stimulate bone osteogenesis in osteoporotic patients. The authors reviewed the current literature to define the most appropriate features of exercise for increasing bone density in osteoporotic patients. Two types emerged: (1) weight-bearing aerobic exercises, i.e., walking, stair climbing, jogging, and Tai Chi. Walking alone did not appear to improve bone mass; however it is able to limit its progressive loss. In fact, in order for the weight-bearing exercises to be effective, they must reach the mechanical intensity useful to determine an important ground reaction force. (2) Strength and resistance exercises: these are carried out with…