Search results for "Plant Immunity"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
Infection of Soybean Plants with the Insect Bacterial Symbiont Burkholderia gladioli and Evaluation of Plant Fitness
2017
To investigate the establishment and consequences of host-microbe interactions, it is important to develop controlled infection assays suitable for each system, as well as appropriate methods to evaluate successful infection and its associated effects. Here, we describe a procedure for bacterial inoculation of soybean plants, followed by the assessment of systemic infection and impact on plant fitness. Soybean (Glycine max) seedlings were mechanically wounded using a device that mimics insect herbivory and inoculated with known cell numbers of Burkholderia gladioli bacteria previously isolated from an insect host. The impact on the plants was evaluated by monitoring changes in height, time …
Role of glutathione in plant signaling under biotic stress
2012
International audience; Glutathione (GSH) is a non-protein thiol compound which has been repeatedly reported to play an important role in plant responses during biotic stresses. However, our knowledge of glutathione-related molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense responses still remains limited. We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Interestingly, this glutathione-deficient mutant pad2-1 also displays a high susceptibility to a wide range of invaders. We rece…
Priming for JA-dependent defenses using hexanoic acid is an effective mechanism to protect Arabidopsis against B. cinerea
2011
Abstract Soil drench treatments with hexanoic acid can effectively protect Arabidopsis plants against Botrytis cinerea through a mechanism based on a stronger and faster accumulation of JA-dependent defenses. Plants impaired in ethylene, salicylic acid, abscisic acid or glutathion pathways showed intact protection by hexanoic acid upon B. cinerea infection. Accordingly, no significant changes in the SA marker gene PR-1 in either the SA or ABA hormone balance were observed in the infected and treated plants. In contrast, the JA signaling pathway showed dramatic changes after hexanoic acid treatment, mainly when the pathogen was present. The impaired JA mutants, jin1-2 and jar1 , were unable …
Study of the stress-related signalling of endoplasmic reticulum in grapevine immunity associated to LysM receptor kinases (VvLYKs)
2023
In the actual situation of decreasing the use of chemicals in agriculture, enhancing our understanding of plant immunity is a critical task to develop more sustainable plant health protection methods. An interesting strategy is to study how plants, and in particular grapevine, perceives and responds to different microorganisms. Microorganisms are notably recognizedby LysM Receptor-like Kinase (LYKs) and previous works have identified 16 LYKs encoded by the grapevine genome (VvLYKs) (Roudaire et al. 2023). Among them, VvLYK1-1, VvLYK1-2 and VvLYK5-1 are involved in chitin perception and thus play a role in the plant immunity. Interestingly, immune responses are also involved during symbiotic…
Chitin Deacetylase, a Novel Target for the Design of Agricultural Fungicides
2021
Fungicide resistance is a serious problem for agriculture. This is particularly apparent in the case of powdery mildew fungi. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new agrochemicals. Chitin is a well-known elicitor of plant immunity, and fungal pathogens have evolved strategies to overcome its detection. Among these strategies, chitin deacetylase (CDA) is responsible for modifying immunogenic chitooligomers and hydrolysing the acetamido group in the N-acetylglucosamine units to avoid recognition. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that CDA can be an appropriate target for antifungals using the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii. According to our hypothesis, RNA…
Designing disease-resistant crops : from basic knowledge to biotechnology
2020
Ancient records describe how plant diseases were attributed to many causes which included divine power, religious belief, and superstition. Far from these days, we now have detailed knowledge about how plant immunity is executed. Plants employ two types of sensors to perceive and defeat the litany of pathogenic organisms that attack them, whilst microbes deploy a myriad of specialized weapons to suppress immunity and promote infection. This opens a path to exploiting these insights to increase crop resistance. Here we describe novel biotechnological approaches for designing superior disease-resistant crops to fight agricultural losses in the field while reducing chemical inputs, towards a m…
β-Aminobutyric Acid (BABA)-Induced Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana: Link with Iron Homeostasis
2014
International audience; Bêta-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a nonprotein amino acid inducing resistance in many different plant species against a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Nevertheless, how BABA primes plant natural defense reactions remains poorly understood. Based on its structure, we hypothesized and confirmed that BABA is able to chelate iron (Fe) in vitro. In vivo, we showed that it led to a transient Fe deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana plants exemplified by a reduction of ferritin accumulation and disturbances in the expression of genes related to Fe homeostasis. This response was not correlated to changes in Fe concentrations, suggesting that BABA affects the…
Protein S-nitrosylation: What's going on in plants?
2012
International audience; Nitric oxide (NO) is now recognized as a key regulator of plant physiological processes. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO exerts its biological functions has been the subject of extensive research. Several components of the signaling pathways relaying NO effects in plants, including second messengers, protein kinases, phytohormones, and target genes, have been characterized. In addition, there is now compelling experimental evidence that NO partly operates through posttranslational modification of proteins, notably via S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Recently, proteome-wide scale analyses led to the identification of numerous protein candidates for S-…
Abscisic Acid Connects Phytohormone Signaling with RNA Metabolic Pathways and Promotes an Antiviral Response that Is Evaded by a Self-Controlled RNA …
2020
© 2020 The Authors.
Nuclear involvement of the Cell Division Cycle 48 protein during the plant immune response
2023
The control of protein homeostasis, a balance between their synthesis and degradation, also called proteostasis, is essential for cell survival. Any imbalance of the proteome, for instance triggered by a stress, leads to an accumulation of misfolded proteins leading to proteotoxic stress that can induce cell death. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a major actor in the selective degradation of misfolded proteins to preserve proteome balance.The chaperone-like Cdc48 is a member of the AAA+ ATPase enzyme family which isconserved in mammals (VCP), yeasts and plants (Cdc48: Cell Division Cycle 48/p97).Cdc48/VCP is a cytosolic and nuclear protein which segregates misfolded proteins fromsu…