Search results for "Polar"

showing 10 items of 3817 documents

Influence of the Chemical Composition and Electronic Structure of Passive Films Grown on 316L SS on Their Transient Electrochemical Behavior

2004

Modifications of the passive film formed on 316L stainless steel (SS) in acidic media were performed under dc or ac polarization. The effects of these ageing treatments on the chemical composition and the electronic structure of the passive film were studied. Chemical analysis with angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that ageing induces a net enrichment in chromium oxide in the inner part of the passive film and an increase of the thickness of the inner oxide. Semiconducting behavior of the passive films was revealed by a Mott-Schottky analysis. The passive film was considered as a dielectric with different trapping levels lying in the bandgap. The observed n- or p-type…

Renewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentBand gapAnalytical chemistryOxideDielectricElectronic structureActive surfaceCondensed Matter PhysicsElectrochemistrySurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialschemistry.chemical_compoundX-ray photoelectron spectroscopychemistryMaterials ChemistryElectrochemistryPolarization (electrochemistry)Journal of The Electrochemical Society
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Anharmonicity-induced polaron relaxation in GaAs/InAs quantum dots

2002

The anharmonicity-induced relaxation of a polaron in a quantum dot is analyzed using the Davydov diagonalization method, including the coherent renormalization of the relevant third-order phonon interaction. The resulting relaxation time for a small GaAs/InAs self-assembled quantum dot turns out to be a few times longer than that found previously by a perturbative method.

RenormalizationPhysicsCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceCondensed matter physicsPhononQuantum dotAnharmonicityRelaxation (NMR)Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectPolaronQuantum computerPhysical Review B
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Calculation of Proton-Deuteron Elastic Scattering at 10 MeV with a Realistic Potential

1998

We present the first results of a calculation of the differential cross section and of polarization observables for proton-deuteron elastic scattering at 10thinspthinspMeV proton laboratory energy, for the Paris potential. The method used is the {open_quotes}screening and renormalization approach{close_quotes} which allows one to correctly take into account the Coulomb repulsion between the two protons. Comparison is made with the precise experimental data of Sagara {ital et al.}thinspthinsp[Phys.thinspthinspRev.thinspthinspC {bold 50}, 576 (1994)] and of Sperison {ital et al.}thinspthinsp[Nucl.thinspthinspPhys.thinspthinsp{bold A422}, 81 (1984)]. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American …

RenormalizationScattering cross-sectionNuclear physicsElastic scatteringPhysicsDeuteriumProtonGeneral Physics and AstronomyNuclear forcePolarization (waves)Coulomb repulsionPhysical Review Letters
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Application unit for the administration of contrast gases for pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging: optimization of ventilation distribution for3He-M…

2014

Purpose MRI of lung airspaces using gases with MR-active nuclei (3He, 129Xe, and 19F) is an important area of research in pulmonary imaging. The volume-controlled administration of gas mixtures is important for obtaining quantitative information from MR images. State-of-the-art gas administration using plastic bags (PBs) does not allow for a precise determination of both the volume and timing of a 3He bolus. Methods A novel application unit (AU) was built according to the requirements of the German medical devices law. Integrated spirometers enable the monitoring of the inhaled gas flow. The device is particularly suited for hyperpolarized (HP) gases (e.g., storage and administration with m…

ReproducibilityMaterials sciencemedicine.diagnostic_testMagnetic resonance imaginglaw.inventionPulmonary imagingVolume (thermodynamics)lawAnesthesiaHealthy volunteersVentilation (architecture)medicineRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingHyperpolarization (physics)Mr imagesBiomedical engineeringMagnetic Resonance in Medicine
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Cancer and central nervous system disorders: protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and updated meta-analyses of observational studies

2017

[Background] The objective of this study will be to synthesize the epidemiological evidence and evaluate the validity of the associations between central nervous system disorders and the risk of developing or dying from cancer.

Research designAnorexia NervosaBipolar DisorderMedicine (miscellaneous)lcsh:MedicineDisease0302 clinical medicineDown’s syndromeCentral Nervous System DiseasesNeoplasmsProtocolMedicine030212 general & internal medicineCàncerCancerDepressionIncidenceHuntington’sdiseaseAnorèxia nerviosaAutism spectrum disorders3. Good healthObservational Studies as TopicSystematic reviewResearch DesignMeta-analysisEsquizofrèniaAlzheimer’s diseaseHuntington’s diseasemedicine.medical_specialtyCentral nervous system disorderMultiple SclerosisBipolar disorderSistema nerviós central MalaltiesMEDLINEMultiple sclerosisParkinson’s Disease03 medical and health sciencesMeta-Analysis as TopicDown’s SyndromeHuntington’s DiseaseHumansAlzheimer’s DiseasePsychiatryIntensive care medicineEpilepsybusiness.industrylcsh:RAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisCancerCentral Nervous System DisorderAnorexia nervosamedicine.diseaseAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisMeta-analysisReview Literature as TopicParkinson’s diseaseSystematic reviewSchizophreniaObservational Studies as TopicObservational studySystematic ReviewAutismebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgerySystematic Reviews as TopicMeta-Analysis
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Effect of disorder produced by cationic vacancies at theBsites on the electronic properties of mixed valence manganites

1999

An alloy series of single-phased polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}} (0l~xl~0.15)$ has been synthesized in order to study the effect of disorder on the electronic properties of mixed valence manganites. The synthetic variables allow one to maintain a constant proportion of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ in the samples $({\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}{/\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}}^{4+}=2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2),$ while the similar size of ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ ions results in no appreciable change in the tolerance factor of the perovskite structure throughout the series. In this way, the sodium content x contro…

Residual resistivityParamagnetismValence (chemistry)Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsElectrical resistivity and conductivitySeebeck coefficientTransition temperatureElectronic band structurePolaronPhysical Review B
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Design of a narrow-band filter based on the Brewster phenomenon for microwave applications

2017

A high-efficiency narrow-band filter based on a Dielectric Frequency-Selective Surface (DFSS) has been predicted theoretically for oblique plane-wave incidence. A DFSS showing total reflection at a frequency of 10.5 GHz, based on the Brewster phenomenon for TM polarization, has been designed with a single dielectric grating, showing extremely low-reflectance sidebands adjacent to the resonance peak. The angular and spectral response of the designed filter has been studied. In addition, dielectric ohmic losses have been accounted for in this structure. This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and by the Unión Europea through the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Region…

Resonant frequencyPermittivityTotal internal reflectionMaterials sciencebusiness.industryPhysics::Optics020206 networking & telecommunications02 engineering and technologyDielectricGratingSurface wavesPolarization (waves)Dielectric lossesOpticsSurface wavePermittivityTeoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringOptoelectronicsAntennasDielectric lossbusinessGratingsOhmic contact2017 XXXIInd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS)
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Functional MR imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized noble gases.

2000

The current status of experimental and clinical applications for functional MR imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized noble gases are reviewed. 3-helium (3He) and 129-xenon (129Xe) can be hyperpolarized by optical pumping techniques such as spin exchange or metastability exchange in sufficient amounts. This process leads to an artificial, non-equilibrium increase of the density of excited nuclei which represents the source of the MR signal. Those hyperpolarized gases are administered mostly via inhalation, and will fill airways and airspaces allowing for ventilation imaging. Recent human studies concentrate on imaging the airways and airspaces with high spatial resolution. N…

Respiratory physiologyVentilation/perfusion ratioHeliumNuclear magnetic resonanceIsotopesmedicineVentilation-Perfusion RatioHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingHyperpolarization (physics)Lungmedicine.diagnostic_testInhalationRadiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industryPulmonary Diffusing CapacityNoble gasMagnetic resonance imagingGeneral MedicineMagnetic Resonance ImagingBreathingPulmonary Diffusing CapacityXenon IsotopesNuclear medicinebusinessPulmonary VentilationActa radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
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Identification of a β-Dystroglycan Immunoreactive Subcompartment in Photoreceptor Terminals

2005

PURPOSE Mutations in the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) cause various forms of muscular dystrophy. These diseases are characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle tissue and by dysfunctions in the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS deficits include an altered electroretinogram, caused by an impaired synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and their postsynaptic target cells in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). The DGC is concentrated in the OPL but its exact distribution is controversial. Therefore, the precise distribution of beta-dystroglycan, the central component of the DGC, within the OPL of the mature chick retina, was determined. METHODS Double immuno…

Retinal Bipolar Cellsgenetic structuresPresynaptic TerminalsOuter plexiform layerNerve Tissue ProteinsRetinal Horizontal CellsNeurotransmissionRibbon synapseImaging Three-DimensionalGlycoprotein complexImage Processing Computer-AssistedmedicineDystroglycanAnimalsActive zoneDystroglycansFluorescent Antibody Technique IndirectSynaptic ribbonRetinabiologyAnatomyCell CompartmentationCell biologyMicroscopy Electronmedicine.anatomical_structureMicroscopy Fluorescencebiology.proteinsense organsChickensPhotoreceptor Cells VertebrateInvestigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
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Retinal neurodegenerative changes in the adult insulin receptor substrate-2 deficient mouse.

2014

Abstract Insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) mediates peripheral insulin action and is essential for retinal health. Previous investigations have reported severe photoreceptor degeneration and abnormal visual function in Irs2-deficient mice. However, molecular changes in the Irs2 − / −  mouse retina have not been described. In this study, we examined retinal degenerative changes in neuronal and glial cells of adult (9- and 12-week old) Irs2 − / −  mice by immunohistochemistry. 9-week old Irs2 − / −  mice showed significant thinning of outer retinal layers, concomitant to Muller and microglial cell activation. Photoreceptor cells displayed different signs of degeneration, such as outer/inner…

Retinal degenerationRetinal Ganglion CellsRetinal Bipolar Cellsgenetic structuresOuter plexiform layerBiologyRetinal ganglionCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundMicemedicineElectroretinographyAnimalsVision OcularRetinaMicroscopy Confocalmedicine.diagnostic_testRetinal DegenerationRetinalmedicine.diseaseInner plexiform layerImmunohistochemistrySensory SystemsCell biologyMice Inbred C57BLOphthalmologyMicroglial cell activationDisease Models Animalmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryInsulin Receptor Substrate Proteinssense organsNeuroscienceElectroretinographyPhotoreceptor Cells VertebrateExperimental eye research
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