Search results for "Polity"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
Late-modern Hegemony and the Changing Role of Voluntary Associations in Finland
2015
Voluntary associations in Finland have traditionally dominated the field of collective action and been core agents in the (re)production of hegemonic blocs. Major changes in the institution of voluntary association may have a greater impact on the Finnish political regime than in many other countries, so the Finnish case might serve as a laboratory for the analysis of general tendencies of associational development common to all developed democracies. This article addresses (1) the main differences between older and newer types of associations, (2) the challenge posed by the development of a new type of hegemony to the ability of new kinds of associations to create general trust and solida…
State power and conflict driven evolution
2021
The goal of this chapter is to examine the implications of the evolution of social organizations due to external competition. There are a variety of models of external competition. Models such as Ely (2002) examine voluntary migration - these models tend to efficient outcomes as people are drawn to locations with high per capita income. Historically, however, institutional success has not been through voluntary immigration into the arms of welcoming richer neighbors. Rather people and institutions have generally spread through invasion and conflict: the Carthaginians did not emigrate to Rome. Large institutional change has often occurred in the aftermath of the disruption caused by warfare …
Many Images for a Continent. An Introduction
2021
For too long, the European Union has presented itself as a haven for bureaucrats, united by a hegemonic will practiced through the hyper-standardization of every aspect of social life. The result of this representation, so often weaponised by political forces hostile to the European project, has also been the reason the many images (normative acts, community projects, cultural initiatives etc.) that constitute the European discourse struggle to be recognized and read into a basic everyday narrative capable of shaping a European horizon of shared destinies. This book recognises the importance of the European discourse in its symbolic dimension and the need for it to be circulated via a wide-…
Domestic Agencies in an Emergent European Executive Order
2011
Abstract This article poses the following question: who is in control of domestic agencies when they are handling domestic ‘EU affairs’ broadly speaking? The article demonstrates that domestic agencies are primarily steered by their parent ministry, being largely ‘single‐hatted’. This observation does not render ‘double‐hatted’ agencies implausible — as for example when domestic agencies practise EU legislation — generating a compound European executive order. The empirical analysis benefits from a large‐N elite survey among 1452 domestic agency officials. This article contests claims that the ‘agencification’ of domestic government systems as well as their involvement in an emergent Europe…
Educational Governance: Politics, Administration and Professionalism
2014
The current restructuring of Nordic educational governance systems is creating new relationships between the state, local authorities and schools and, therefore, between politicians, managers and educational professionals. With inspiration from transnational agencies – primarily the OECD – new chains of governance are being created. Some elements of governance are being de-centralised, whilst other elements are being re-centralised. The couplings of economies, human resource management and operations are being loosened while at the same time the links between an educational content, aims and accountabilities are being tightened. This tendency has also led/made many municipalities to restruc…
The development of Finnish museums over the last forty years
2018
The focus of this article is the development of Finnish museums since the 1970s, when the Ministry of Education started to understand the social benefits of museums as social memory organizations with activities of research and education. At this point in time the Ministry began actively developing the preconditions for museum work, the main ”tools” being several political museum committees which created a museum hierarchy and network, ensured state subsidy through museum acts, established university studies of museology, and gave support to the Finnish Museums Association.
The texture of tongues: Languages and power in China
1998
Mandarin stands at the pinnacle of a metalinguistic hierarchy which mirrors the vertical basis of power in China today. State language policies have established official minority languages and Chinese ‘dialects’ under the arching umbrella of the Chinese state; yet their domain is strictly constrained through prescriptive standardization. The tension between this codifying imperative and the dynamic force of speaker identity is examined through the expressions of power through language use, inviting a re‐examination of assumptions about the static texture of language in a multilingual society.
The Judicial and Canonical Situation of the Romanian Byzantine Catholics in Hungary Around 1900
2021
This chapter analyses the legal and canonical situation of the Romanian Byzantine Catholics in Hungary at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Being part of the Hungarian State, the Greek Catholic bishops were subjected to the Hungarian hierarchy, attending the congresses and conferences of the Roman Catholic Bishops of Hungary. In addition, they were loyal to the Holy See, favouring the Latinisation of the Church in the three provincial councils. Through this approach, they secured the support of the papacy in disputes with the Hungarian higher clergy. Thus, they were able to uphold the individuality of their own Romanian Church, by organising their…
Preparedness for Studies and their most Influencing Factors
2015
<p>With the changes in the quality of education requirements and the study opportunities, it is essential to find out how youth’s readiness to study develops, and what are its’ contributing factors. The aim is to clarify the explanation of the definition „readiness”. Analyzing literature, it is concluded that in many respects readiness for concrete studies is dependent on the youth’s motives and motivation, major and minor needs, system of values, socially financial circumstances, individual characters, temperament, individually-psychological characteristics, physical and physiological growth, on the state’s policy in the fields of education, youth, and jurisprudence, as well as on yo…
The Changing Role of the State in French Higher Education: From Curriculum Control to Programme Accreditation
2004
The French higher education system is currently undergoing deep changes in relation to degree structure and accreditation process. In the wake of the Bologna declaration, new state regulations have been introduced since 2000 that aimed at building a degree structure that is common to all higher education institutions. As their implementation will be phased in step by step until 2006, a study of the accreditation processes in operation in France must present both past and future schemes.