Search results for "Polity"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
Hybrid practices meet nation-state language policies: Transcarpathia in the twentieth century and today
2016
AbstractFrom the early twentieth century to the present day, Transcarpathia has belonged to several states: the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and finally to Ukraine. The status of what counts as a minority and a majority language has changed each time the state affiliation has been changed. Based on the long term research by Csernicskó, and on the one-month fieldwork carried out by Laihonen in 2012, our goal is to provide an autonomous critical account and discourse analysis of the linguistic situation in Transcarpathia. We draw examples especially from the linguistic landscape, which documents the hybrid practices difficult to catch w…
Losing Monarchs: The Legacy of German and English National Historiography
2017
During the nineteenth century, Leopold von Ranke, Johann Gustav Droysen, Alfred von Arneth, and other German-speaking historians established an alleged ‘scientific’ approach to history, based on the so-called historiographic method. They interpreted history as determined by ‘great’ ideas, such as nation, state, and religion. Similarly, the British Whig interpretation of history—represented, for example, by Henry Hallam and Thomas Macaulay—conceptualized history as a continuously ascending process, in which Great Britain established a civilised modern empire spanning territories on all continents. This chapter shows how monarchs became lost—that is, not considered noteworthy—when their rule …
Schmeller, Johann Andreas (1785–1852)
2006
The Bavarian J. A. Schmeller hoped that the Swiss educational reformer Pestalozzi would appoint him as a teacher. When this failed, he joined the Swiss military in Spanish services carrying out Pestalozzi's principles at military schools by teaching languages in Tarragona and Madrid, and, finally, at a private teaching institute in Basle. He was inspired by the Swiss dialect dictionary when he decided to make a Bavarian dialect dictionary and, based on this, a Bavarian dialect grammar. This was the beginning of German scientific dialectology. He was appointed member of the Bavarian Academy of Science and professor at Munich university. As curator of the Royal Court and State Library (1829) …
Folk Songs, Translation and the Question of (Pseudo-)Originals
2008
AbstractThis article examines the translation of Kurdish folk songs into Turkish, an issue which became the subject of a heated debate and controversy in Turkey during the 1990s. It outlines three areas of criticism related to the translations in question and analyzes the translation strategies used as well as the textual-linguistic makeup of the lyrics. Although criticism tended to focus on the cultural policies of the Turkish state, on the translators themselves, and on questions of ethics and economic exploitation, the translations paradoxically display loss, destruction and forgetting on the one hand, and gain, survival and remembering of Kurdish culture on the other. The translators se…
European integration and the administrative state. A longitudinal study on self-reinforcing administrative bias
2018
The study demonstrates how the EU contributes to a self-reinforcing administrative bias due to domestic-level organizational factors. Strong European integration without membership reinforces a politico-administrative gap and this gap expands over time. The paper applies an extreme case of high integration without formal EU membership represented by Norway. The findings suggest that the EU contributes to reinforce the administrative state through strong unintended assimilation effects. Thefindings are probed by a novel and comprehensive longitudinal data-set consisting of a large-N single case (N= 3562) questionnaire study among government officials at three points in the Norwegian central …
Federalism and Party Democracy in West Germany
2011
According to Gerhard Lehmbruch, there is a growing inconsistency in West Germany between the principles of a federal polity and party democracy, primarily because the former relies on bargaining, and the latter relies on majority rule as a mechanism of conflict regulation. However, comparative analyses have shown that federalism and party competition are not incompatible. Generally, federal structures are neither detrimental nor conducive to the recruitment function of parties. Competence and experience as a parliamentary leader or as a specialist is the most essential precondition for advancement to national executive positions. The integrative capacities of political parties may even be s…
Factors and Barriers of Implementing Early Warning, Support and Second Chance Support Systems for SMEs in the Baltic States
2021
COVID-19 creates insolvencies time bomb, even if economies are supported by the state. Following the liquidation or bankruptcy of a business, entrepreneurs in the EU mostly opt for a paid professional job rather than re-establishing their business [1]. Those entrepreneurs who re-establish their business after bankruptcy are experiencing faster growth than start-ups. The study points to significant current barriers and factors influencing the implementation of support, early warning and second chances in the Baltic States. There is a need to increase the competencies of both the businessmen and support providers on crisis management and the support already available in the broadest sense. By…
Subsidizing technology: how to succeed
2011
Examining the database of applications to the Regional Government of Valencia's Institute for Small and Medium-sized Industries (Spain) for subsidies to aid technological development in small and medium-sized enterprises, this study seeks to explain the approval or rejection and the success or failure of projects that look to receive state funding. The independent variables in the database are particularly concerned with reliance on path dependence. The variable length of membership of the Institute, the number of previous applications, technology level, or belonging to a particular geographical area relate to the accumulation of experience and correspond to the study hypotheses. The study …
The research frontier on internationalization of social enterprises
2020
Abstract Social enterprises (SEs) are hybrid organizations that simultaneously pursue financial and social goals, while addressing institutional voids. Despite the extensive cross-border activities of SEs, the state of research addressing such flows of funds, technology and personnel is undeveloped. In this introductory article, we discuss the unique aspects of SEs and explore how the international business literature can inform our understanding of their internationalization. We outline promising areas for future research related to the drivers of and the processes underlying SE internationalization as well as its consequences. With this as a background, we introduce the five articles in t…
Educational Publishers and Educational Publishing
2018
This chapter focuses on the institutional originators of educational materials for primary and secondary education. On the basis of publications from recent decades up to the present, it gives an overview of insights about textbook publishers (as they can be called for short) from different disciplines, from subject field didactics to media linguistics. These insights are categorised in accordance with aspects like organisations, processes, state interventions, and new models for the provision of materials. Moreover, the chapter presents critical positions towards schoolbook publishers with respect to their alleged undue promotion of hegemonic views. Finally, and originally, it takes a rath…