Search results for "Pollutants"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Modeling of 137Cs migration in soils using an 80-year soil archive: role of fertilizers and agricultural amendments
2008
An 80-year soil archive, the 42-plot experimental design at the INRA in Versailles (France), is used here to study long-term contamination by 137Cs atmospheric deposition and the fate of this radioisotope when associated with various agricultural practices: fallow land, KCl, NH4(NO3), superphosphate fertilizers, horse manure and lime amendments. The pertinence of a simple box model, where radiocaesium is supposed to move downward by convectional mechanisms, is checked using samples from control plots which had been neither amended, nor cultivated since 1928. This simple model presents the advantage of depending on only two parameters: α, a proportional factor allowing the historical atmosph…
Polyaminoazide mixtures for the synthesis of pH-responsive calixarene nanosponges
2019
Two mixtures of polyaminoazides were synthesized by a nucleophilic displacement strategy providing no separation of the components. The mixtures were adequately characterized by means of combined HR-ESIMS, FTIR and NMR techniques and, despite their complexity, they were successfully used to accomplish the subsequent preparation of pH-sensitive calixarene hyper-reticulated nanosponge materials. The desired responsivity to pH variations of the nanosponges obtained was verified by means of absorption tests on a set of organic pollutant model molecules.
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
2014
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million). Measurements Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrom…
Badania nad potencjalnym wykorzystaniem pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w bioindykacji i monitoringu przyrodniczym
2023
This paper presented the results of the studies on true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) alongside evaluating their potential usefulness in biomonitoring and bioindication. The studies were carried out in May and August of 2017. Three research sites situated at various distances from the full-scale plants (Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn SA, Zakłady Chemiczne Petrochemia-Blachownia SA, Zakłady Koksownicze ArcelorMittal Poland Zdzieszowice) and the control area out of reach of the emission of chemical pollutants, i.e. the meadows in the Chrząstowice area of Natura 2000, have been selected for studies. All studied meadows were classified within the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. As a resu…
RAVITA Technology : new innovation for combined phosphorus and nitrogen recovery
2018
Abstract Present phosphorus (P) recovery technologies mainly contain P recovery from sludge liquor or ash. These types of technologies are suitable for large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), digestion and/or incineration. In Finland and other Nordic countries, strict P discharge limits require chemical precipitation, thus EBPR alone is not sufficient. Ammonium recovery from wastewater, on the other hand, is not so often discussed. However, recovery from WWTP reject waters would decrease the energy demand of ammonium synthesis by Haber-Bosh technology and the energy demand of the WWTP's biological process. Helsinki Region Environmental S…
Characterization of aquatic humic substances and their metal complexes by immobilized metal-chelate affinity chromatography on iron(III)-loaded ion e…
2001
The analytical fractionation of aquatic humic substances (HS) by means of immobilized metal-chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC) on metal-loaded chelating ion exchangers is described. The cellulose HYPHAN, loaded with different trivalent ions, and the chelate exchanger Chelex 100, loaded to 90% of its capacity with Fe(III), were used. The cellulose HYPHAN, loaded with 2% Fe(III), resulted in HS distribution coefficients Kd of up to 10(3.7) mL/g at pH 4.0 continuously decreasing down to 10(1.5) at pH 12, which were appropriate for HS fractionation by a pH-depending chromatographic procedure. Similar distribution coefficients Kd were obtained for HS sorption onto Fe(III)-loaded Chelex 100. …
In-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled by in valve mode to capillary LC-DAD: Improving detectability to multiresidue organic pollutants analysis…
2009
Abstract A simple and fast capillary chromatographic method has been developed to identify and quantify organic pollutants at sub-ppb levels in real water samples. The major groups of pesticides (organic halogens, organic phosphorous, and organic nitrogen compounds), some hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), phthalates and some phenols such as phenol and bisphenol A (endocrine disruptors) were included in this study. The procedure was based on coupling, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) by using a conventional GC capillary column (95% methyl–5% phenyl substituted backbone, 80 cm × 0.32 mm i.d., 3 μm film thickness) in the injection valve to capillary liquid chromatog…
Indirect analysis of urea herbicides from environmental water using solid-phase microextraction.
2000
We described here a solid-phase microextraction procedure used to extract six urea pesticides-- chlorsulfuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metobromuron and monuron--from environmental samples. Two polydimethylsiloxanes and a polyacrylate fiber (PA) are compared. The extraction time, pH control, addition of NaCl to the water and the influence of organic matter such as humic acid on extraction efficiency were examined to achieve a sensitive method. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The proposed method requires the extraction of 2 ml of sample (pH 4, 14.3%, w/v, NaCl) for 60 min with the PA fiber. The limits of detection range from 0…
Characterization of interaction between tricyclic structures containing pharmaceuticals, their models and humic substances.
2011
Their persistence and wide consumption identify pharmaceuticals as “emerging pollutants”. The complexation of pharmaceuticals containing adamantine ring structures and their model substances with humic acids (HA) of different origins was compared using fluorescence spectroscopy as a function of pH, humic acid concentration, ionic strength, and molecular mass of HA. Binding constants between the studied pharmaceuticals and humic acids were calculated. A combination of dynamic and static quenching processes as indicated by nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots and high Kd values were positively correlated with the concentration of carboxyl groups in the studied humic acids. For basic functional group-…
Calcium effect on enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
2006
The role of calcium (Ca) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal and its possible implications on the metabolic pathway have been studied. The experience has been carried out in an SBR under anaerobic–aerobic conditions for biological phosphorus removal during 8 months. The variations of influent Ca concentration showed a clear influence on the EBPR process, detecting significant changes in YPO4. These YPO4 variations were not due to influent P/COD ratio, pH, denitrification and calcium phosphate formation. The YPO4 has been found to be highly dependent on the Ca concentration, increasing as Ca concentration decreases. The results suggest that high Ca concentrations produce “inert” granul…