Search results for "Polymerases"

showing 6 items of 66 documents

The Mu1 transposable element of maize contains two promoter signals recognized by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.

1990

The galactokinase (GalK) expression plasmid vector system pKO-1 has been used to screen for promoter elements in the maize transposable element Mu1 that function in Escherichia coli. Two transcriptional start points, named S1 and S2, were identified, which are located in the two direct repeats of the transposable element. This paper demonstrates that sequence elements exist in a plant transposable element which function as prokaryotic promotors.

Transposable elementTranscription GeneticMolecular Sequence DataRestriction MappingBiologymedicine.disease_causeZea mayschemistry.chemical_compoundRNA polymeraseGeneticsmedicineEscherichia coliDirect repeatInsertion sequenceCloning MolecularPromoter Regions GeneticMolecular BiologyEscherichia coliGeneticsExpression vectorBase SequencePromoterDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesGalactokinasechemistryDNA Transposable ElementsMoleculargeneral genetics : MGG
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Extensive nuclear gyration and pervasive non-genic transcription during primordial germ cell development in zebrafish.

2020

ABSTRACT Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of germ cells, which migrate to the genital ridge during early development. Relatively little is known about PGCs after their migration. We studied this post-migratory stage using microscopy and sequencing techniques, and found that many PGC-specific genes, including genes known to induce PGC fate in the mouse, are only activated several days after migration. At this same time point, PGC nuclei become extremely gyrated, displaying general broad opening of chromatin and high levels of intergenic transcription. This is accompanied by changes in nuage morphology, expression of large loci (PGC-expressed non-coding RNA loci, PERLs) that ar…

endocrine systemRNA UntranslatedTranscription GeneticZygotePiwi-interacting RNApiRNABiology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineGyrationTranscription (biology)Primordial germ cellmedicineAnimalsRNA Small InterferingMolecular BiologyZebrafishGeneZebrafish030304 developmental biologyCell NucleusNuage0303 health sciencesGonadal ridgeurogenital systemNuclear morphologyGene Expression Regulation DevelopmentalDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesZygotic activationZebrafish Proteinsbiology.organism_classificationChromatinCell biologyUp-Regulationmedicine.anatomical_structureGerm CellsGenetic Loci207FertilizationMutationIntergenic transcriptionDNA Transposable ElementsDNA Intergenic030217 neurology & neurosurgeryGerm cellBiogenesisDevelopmental BiologyResearch ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)
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The effect of the genetic background on phage infectivity in an encapsulated host

2023

Los bacteriófagos desempeñan un papel clave en la ecología y evolución bacterianas y son potenciales antimicrobianos. Sin embargo, los factores determinantes de la especificidad fago-hospedador siguen siendo poco conocidos. Debido a la prevalencia de bacterias encapsuladas, la cápsula es la primera barrera que encuentran muchos fagos. Esta capa, normalmente de polisacáridos, puede bloquear el acceso de los fagos a los receptores de su pared celular. Para superarla, algunos fagos codifican dominios depolimerasa (Dpos) específicos en sus proteínas de unión a receptores. En este trabajo, hemos cuantificado la predictibilidad de las interacciones fago-bacteria basándonos en el tipo de locus cap…

klebsiellahostcapsuleevolutionphageUNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDAbacteriadepolymerases
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Histamine and spontaneously released mast cell granules affect the cell growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

2007

The role of mast cells in tumor growth is still controversial. In this study we analyzed the effects of both histamine and pre-formed mediators spontaneously released by mast cells on the growth of two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, HA22T/VGH and HuH-6, with different characteristics of differentiation, biological behavior and genetic defects. We showed that total mast cell releasate, exocytosed granules (granule remnants) and histamine reduced cell viability and proliferation in HuH-6 cells. In contrast, in HA22T/VGH cells granule remnants and histamine induced a weak but significant increase in cell growth. We showed that both cell lines expressed histamine receptors H(1) and …

medicine.medical_specialtyCarcinoma HepatocellularCell SurvivalSurvivinClinical BiochemistryHistamine AntagonistsApoptosisHistamine H1 receptorBiologyRanitidineBiochemistryExocytosisInhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinsHistamine receptorchemistry.chemical_compoundInternal medicineCell Line TumormedicineAnimalsHumansHistamine H4 receptorMast CellsEnterochromaffin-like cellRats WistarMolecular BiologyCells Culturedbeta CateninCell ProliferationCell growthCaspase 3Liver NeoplasmsMast cellMolecular biologyNeoplasm ProteinsRatsEnzyme ActivationEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryCell cultureCyclooxygenase 2Molecular MedicineReceptors HistamineFemaleTerfenadinePoly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsHistamineHistamine
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Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase in quail oviduct. Changes during estrogen and progesterone induction

1974

Abstract The activities of the following enzymes have been determined in nuclei of quail oviducts in response to exogenous stimulation of the birds with diethylstilbestrol, used as an estrogen analogue and progesterone: DNA dependent DNA polymerase, DNA dependent RNA polymerase I and II and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) [=poly(ADP-Rib)] polymerase. During primary stimulation with the estrogen analogue the activities of the four DNA dependent polymerases increase to about the same degree. Upon withdrawal of the hormones the levels of the enzymes drop to values known from nuclei from unstimulated quail oviducts. The secondary stimulation with the estrogen analogue causes a significant in…

medicine.medical_specialtyanimal structuresDNA polymerasemedicine.drug_classPoly ADP ribose polymeraseRNA polymerase IICoturnixDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseOviductschemistry.chemical_compoundRNA Polymerase Ibiology.animalInternal medicineGeneticsmedicineRNA polymerase IAnimalsDiethylstilbestrolProgesteronePolymerasebiologyCell DifferentiationAvidinNADMolecular biologyQuailEndocrinologychemistryEstrogenEnzyme Inductionbiology.proteinFemaleRNA Polymerase IIPoly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesCell DivisionDNANucleic Acids Research
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Biochemical and structural analysis of the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the hepatitis C virus.

2000

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of chronic and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide, is a distinct member of the Flaviviridae virus family. These viruses have in common a plus-strand RNA genome that is replicated in the cytoplasm of the infected cell via minus-strand RNA intermediates. Owing to the lack of reliable cell culture systems and convenient animal models for HCV, the mechanisms governing RNA replication are not known. As a first step towards the development of appropriate in vitro systems, we expressed the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in insect cells, purified the protein to near homogeneity and studied its biochemical properties. It is a primer…

virusesHepatitis C virusGenetic VectorsRNA-dependent RNA polymeraseHepacivirusViral Nonstructural Proteinsmedicine.disease_causeCell LineSubstrate Specificitychemistry.chemical_compoundTranscription (biology)Sequence Analysis ProteinVirologyRNA polymeraseRibavirinmedicineHumansNS5BPolymeraseHepatologybiologyRNANucleosidesDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA-Dependent RNA PolymeraseVirologyRecombinant ProteinsNS2-3 proteaseInfectious DiseaseschemistryMutationbiology.proteinRNABaculoviridaeJournal of viral hepatitis
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