Search results for "Polymerization"

1981

Die polymerisation und pfropf-mischpolymerisation des acroleins unter dem einfluß von Co - 60 - gamma - strahlen. Polymere acroleine. 14. Mitteilung

1959

Die Polymerisation des Acroleins im reinen Zustand und in Losung unter dem Einflus von γ-Strahlen wird beschrieden und mit anderen Polymerisations-Methoden verglichen. Bei der Block-Polymerisation entsteht ein stark vernetztes, glasartiges Polymerisat, das in wasriger schwefliger Saure unloslich ist. In Losung polymerisiert das Acrolein viel rascher; die relative Geschwindigkeit der Polymerisation ist am grosten in wasriger Losung. Das hier erhaltene Polymere enthalt reaktionsfahige Aldehyd-Gruppen und ist loslich in schwefliger Saure. Acrolein last sich auf Polymethacrylester aufpfropfen. Sowohl oberflachliche als auch durchgehende Pfropfung vorgeformter Proben des Polymethacrylesters ist …

Copolymers with ordered chemical structure

1984

Copolymers with well defined sequences can be obtained for instance by ring-opening polymerization of selected acetals. In this way regular copolymers of formaldehyde and ethylenoxide of the following structure are available2. In the same way some other copolymers with formaldehyde units were obtained. Of special interest are unsaturated polyacetales; for instance3 They can be modified by chemical reactions, for instance by hydrogenation, addition of bromine, iodine isocyanate or epoxidation. Recently a bicyclic unsaturated cycloacetal was prepared and polymerized4 Branched copolymers with a definite number of uniform sidechains are prepared by N-alkylation of polyamides5 The dependence of …

Polymerisation von äthylenoxid mit dem kaliumalkoholat von 4-benzolazo-benzylalkohol. I. Der anionische polymerisationsmechanismus

1966

Athylenoxid last sich mit dem Kaliumalkoholat von 4-Benzolazo-benzylalkohol polymerisieren. Dabei erhalten die Polyathylenoxide eine zusatzliche UV-Absorption, die auf covalent eingebaute C6H5NNC6H4(p) CH2O-Gruppen zuruckzufuhren ist. Wenn der ubliche Mechanismus der anionischen Polymerisation gilt, sollte jedes Polyathylenoxidmolekul eine besonders absorbierende Endgruppe enthalten. Fraktioniert man die mit dem Alkoholat hergestellten Polyathylenoxide, so ist die Extinktion bei gleicher Polymerkonzentration nicht wie erwartet um so groser, je kleiner das Molekulargewicht ist. Bestimmt man ferner quantitativ den Gehalt an C6H5NNC6H4(p) CH2O-Gruppen in Polyathylenoxidfraktionen und nimmt ein…

1991

Telechelic α,ω-macrozwitterions — narrowly distributed polystyrene chains oppositely charged at each end — were synthesized via anionic polymerization using direct functionalization with the initiator and the termination agent. The resulting products were purified (zwitterion content ≥ 0,95) and characterized with gel permeation chromatography, viscometry, static and dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering. In unpolar solvents as toluene, the polymeric zwitterions form clusters with molecular weights depending on concentration. In the dilute case, the clusters are relatively small and consist of approximately 8 zwitterions. The structure of these clusters is discussed by…

ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s

2011

In the rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field of polymer therapeutics, tailored polymer structures represent the key constituent to explore and harvest the potential of bioactive macromolecular hybrid structures. In light of the recent developments for anticancer drug conjugates, multifunctional polymers are becoming ever more relevant as drug carriers. However, the potentially best suited polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), is unfavorable owing to its limited functionality. Therefore, multifunctional linear copolymers (mf-PEGs) based on ethylene oxide (EO) and appropriate epoxide comonomers are attracting increased attention. Precisely engineered via living anionic polymerization and d…

Üuber die kationische polymerisation von äthylensulfid, initiiert durch SO3

1971

SO3 verursacht eine heftige Polymerisation von Athylensulfid in wasserfreien, inerten organischen Losungsmitteln. Die kinetischen Daten, die chemische Analyse der Endgruppen und die IR-spektroskopische Untersuchung des Polymerisats sprechen gegen eine Cokatalyse und fur einen direkten zwitterionischen Initiierungsschritt unter Bildung von Die kationischen aktiven Zentren werden rasch durch Reaktion mit den Sulfidgruppen des Oligomeren unter Bildung nicht wachstumsfahiger, acyclischer Sulfoniumionen desaktiviert; dadurch bleiben die kinetischen Kettenlangen klein, und es entsteht ein verzweigtes oder vernetztes, unlosliches Produkt. SO3 is a vigorous initiator of the cationic polymerization …

1982

p-Cresol and eight oligo[(hydroxyphenylene)methylene] compounds 1b–e and 4a–d could be esterified with good yields with acryloyl chloride or propionyl chloride, respectively, in the presence of triethylamine. The simple and multiple acrylates and propionates were characterized by determination of their molar masses, elemental analyses, hydrogenation of the CC double bonds in the acrylate groups, and by their IR- and UV-spectra. No steric hindrance could be ascertained. Acrylates with more than three phenolic units in their molecules were found to have a range of melting, whereas all the propionates possess sharp melting points. This can be explained by polymerization of the acrylates which …

Second-order NLO main-chain polymers by polymerization of poled monomers

1993

A new method of preparing oriented NLO main chain polymers is presented. We synthesized NLO-monomers that consist of donor acceptor substituted tolane molecules that can be poled in the low molar mass state. In the oriented polar state these monomers can be chemically linked using a thermally activated polyaddition reaction. This reaction links the donor head of one monomer to the acceptor tail of the next hibiting bulk noncentrosymmetry with the average direction of the molecular dipoles parallel to the aligning field.

1979

The thermal degradation behavior of head-to-head (H-H) and head-to-tail (H-T) polystyrenes and poly(vinylcyclohexane)s has been investigated by direct pyrolysis in a mass spectrometer. Both H-H and H-T isomers show only small differences in their initial temperatures of decomposition but remarkably different degradation processes. Whereas H-T polystyrene decomposes in accordance with earlier investigations mainly by a radicalic depolymerization into the monomer and yields only a small amount of dimer and trimer, the H-H polystyrene shows no unzipping and only a statistic degradation into oligomeric styrenes. The formation of stilbene is a diagnostic reaction of H-H polystyrene. The pyrolysi…