Search results for "Polyp"
showing 10 items of 1415 documents
A urochordate putative homolog of human EB1, the protein which binds APC1
1996
Abstract The human EB1 protein has been cloned by virtue of its interaction with the C-terminus of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) protein, whose C-terminal truncated forms have been shown to accompany sporadic and familial forms of colorectal cancer. We have cloned a putative EB1 homolog from Botryllus schlosseri (Urochordata, Ascidiacea). The deduced protein is 287 amino acids long, and is identical with 48% of the residues in human EB1 and 24–25% in two yeast hypothetical proteins. We propose that such a high degree of conservation among EB1 homologs is indicative of an essential regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cells.
Natural polyphenols facilitate elimination of HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts by chemoradiotherapy: a Bcl-2- and superoxide dismutase 2-dependent …
2008
AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with chemotherapy and radiation has two major problems: development of tumor resistance to therapy and nonspecific toxicity towards normal tissues. Different plant-derived polyphenols show anticancer properties and are pharmacologically safe. In vitro growth of human HT-29 colorectal cancer cells is inhibited (∼56%) by bioavailable concentrations of trans-pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene; t-PTER) and quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,6-pentahydroxyflavone; QUER), two structurally related and naturally occurring small polyphenols. I.v. administration of t-PTER and Q…
Immunomodulation and Anti-inflammatory Roles of Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents
2011
Cancers are the largest cause of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries. Several new concepts have emerged in relation to mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis processes and associated inflammatory effects such as the modulation of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells that could infiltrate the tumor. In the tumor microenvironment, there is a delicate balance between antitumor immunity and tumor-originated proinflammatory activity, which weaken antitumor immunity. Consequently; modulation of immune cells and inflammatory processes represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in malignant diseases with the goal to restore the sensiti…
The “unnatural” history of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome : lessons from colonoscopy surveillance
2021
Individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), one of the most common inherited cancer syndromes, are at increased risk of developing malignancies, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC). Regular colonoscopy with polypectomy is recommended to reduce CRC risk in LS individuals. However, recent independent studies demonstrated that a substantial proportion of LS individuals develop CRC despite regular colonoscopy. The reasons for this surprising observation confirmed by large prospective studies are a matter of debate. In this review, we collect existing evidence from clinical, epidemiological and molecular studies and interpret them with regard to the origins and progression of LS-associated CRC. Alon…
Cancer Prevention with Resistant Starch in Lynch Syndrome Patients in the CAPP2-Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial : Planned 10-Year Follow-up
2022
Abstract The CAPP2 trial investigated the long-term effects of aspirin and resistant starch on cancer incidence in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Participants with LS were randomized double-blind to 30 g resistant starch (RS) daily or placebo for up to 4 years. We present long-term cancer outcomes based on the planned 10-year follow-up from recruitment, supplemented by National Cancer Registry data to 20 years in England, Wales, and Finland. Overall, 463 participants received RS and 455 participants received placebo. After up to 20 years follow-up, there was no difference in colorectal cancer incidence (n = 52 diagnosed with colorectal cancer among those randomized to RS against n = 53…
Epidemiological, clinical and molecular characterization of Lynch‐like syndrome: A population‐based study
2019
Colorectal carcinomas that are mismatch repair (MMR)‐deficient in the absence of MLH1 promoter methylation or germline mutations represent Lynch‐like syndrome (LLS). Double somatic events inactivating MMR genes are involved in the etiology of LLS tumors. Our purpose was to define the clinical and broader molecular hallmarks of LLS tumors and the population incidence of LLS, which remain poorly characterized. We investigated 762 consecutive colorectal carcinomas operated in Central Finland in 2000–2010. LLS cases were identified by a stepwise protocol based on MMR protein expression, MLH1 methylation and MMR gene mutation status. LLS tumors were profiled for CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (…
The effect of genetic complementation on the fitness and diversity of viruses spreading as collective infectious units
2019
Viruses can spread collectively using different types of structures such as extracellular vesicles, virion aggregates, polyploid capsids, occlusion bodies, and even cells that accumulate virions at their surface, such as bacteria and dendritic cells. Despite the mounting evidence for collective spread, its implications for viral fitness and diversity remain poorly understood. It has been postulated that, by increasing the cellular multiplicity of infection, collective spread could enable mutually beneficial interactions among different viral genetic variants. One such interaction is genetic complementation, whereby deleterious mutations carried by different genomes are compensated. Here, we…
A blend of polyphenolic compounds explains the stimulatory effect of red wine on human endothelial NO synthase
2005
A high intake of polyphenolic compounds is likely to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Especially red wine is a rich source of polyphenols, and we have previously shown that French red wine upregulates eNOS, a protective enzyme in the cardiovascular system. The current study tested (poly)phenolic constituents of red wine for their ability to enhance eNOS expression (and the activity of a 3.5-kb human eNOS promoter) in human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Of the compounds tested, we found 3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (trans-resveratrol) to be the most efficacious stimulator of eNOS expression (and eNOS transcription), but this compound alone could not explain the total …
Expression of epithelial antigens EPM-1 and EXO-1 in normal, transitional, inflammatory and neoplastic colorectal mucosa
1993
EPM-1 (a high molecular weight glycoprotein) and EXO-1 (a carbohydrate epitope expressed on polar neutral glycolipids and mucins) are two developmental antigens of normal and neoplastic human epithelia and were characterised by monoclonal antibodies. Their distribution was investigated in normal and pathological human colorectal mucosa. In normal mucosa, EPM-1 and EXO-1 showed characteristic expression patterns. EPM-1 was differentially expressed along the crypt villus axis with maximum at the crypt basis. EXO-1 was present throughout the whole mucosa. The characteristic gradient of EPM-1 expression along the crypt axis in normal mucosa was no longer detectable in benign polyps. Intact grad…
A new cell line (8701-BC) from primary ductal infiltrating carcinoma of human breast
1989
A cell line, designated 8701-BC, was established in culture from tissue fragments of primary ductal infiltrating carcinoma of human breast. The cell cultures after the sixth passage were devoid of contaminating fibroblasts as judged by the positive staining of all cells with the specific epithelial cell markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cytokeratin 8. The epithelial nature of these cells was confirmed by ultrastructural analyses which demonstrated the retention of specific structural properties characteristic of the original tumour. The cells possessed an abnormal karyotype with 55-60 chromosomes per cell with numerous rearrangements. They do not e…