Search results for "Polysaccharides"
showing 10 items of 413 documents
Quantitative analysis of airway obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
2020
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, cystic lung disease with progressive pulmonary function loss caused by progressively proliferating LAM cells. The degree of airway obstruction has not been well investigated within the pathogenesis of LAM. Using a combination of ex vivo computed tomography (CT), microCT and histology, the site and nature of airway obstruction in LAM explant lungs was compared with matched control lungs (n=5 each). The total number of airways per generation, total airway counts, terminal bronchioles number and surface density were compared in LAM versus control. Ex vivo CT analysis demonstrated a reduced number of airways from generation 7 on (p<0.0001) in LAM compar…
Structure of a polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio vulnificus CECT4602 containing 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[(S)- and (R)-3-hydro…
2008
A polysaccharide was isolated by GPC after mild acid treatment of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio vulnificus CECT4602 and found to contain L-Rha, D-GlcpNAc and 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-(3-hydroxybutanoylamino)-L-mannose (L-RhaNAc3NHb). GLC analysis of the trifluoroacetylated (S)-2-octyl esters derived by full acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide showed that approximately 80% of the 3-hydroxybutanoic acid has the S configuration and approximately 20% the R configuration. The following structure of the polysaccharide was established by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, including 2D ROESY and (1)H/(13)C HMBC experiments: [carbohydrate sequence see in text].
Modulation of endotoxin-induced neutrophil transendothelial migration by alveolar epithelium in a defined bilayer model.
2006
Within the alveolus, epithelial cells, due to their close association with endothelial cells, can potentially influence endothelial cell responsiveness during inflammation and their interaction with leukocytes. To investigate this, three lung epithelial cell lines (A549, Calu-3, or NCI-H441) were grown with endothelium on opposing surfaces of Transwell filters and the formation and stability of bilayers was rigorously evaluated. All epithelial lines disrupted endothelial monolayer formation on filters with 3- or 5-microm pores by breaching the filter, and this occurred regardless of seeding density, matrix composition, or duration of culture. Endothelial disruption was not detectable by ele…
Glycyrrhetinic Acid Reverses the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hypocontractility to Noradrenaline in Rat Aorta: Implications to Septic Shock
2014
Abstract.: Septic shock and associated vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agonists remain a major problem of critical care medicine. Here we report that glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the active component of licorice, effectively restores vascular contractility in the model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat aorta. GA was as effective as the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitroarginine methylester. GA did not affect the vascular NO levels (measured by EPR spin trapping) and relaxations to l-arginine in LPS-treated rings as well as relaxation to S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine in control rings. Thus, GA may represent an interesting alternative to NO synthase inhibitors in sepsis-associated …
The lipopolysaccharide O side chain of Vibrio vulnificus serogroup E is a virulence determinant for eels
1997
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium capable of producing septicemic infections in eels and immunocompromised humans. Two biotypes are classically recognized, with the virulence for eels being specific to strains belonging to biotype 2, which constitutes a homogeneous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based O serogroup (which we have designated serogroup E). In the present study we demonstrated that the O side chain of this LPS determines the selective virulence of biotype 2 for eels: (i) biotype 1 strains (which do not belong to serogroup E) are destroyed by the bactericidal action of nonimmune eel serum (NIS) through activation of the alternative pathway of complement, (ii) biotype 2 str…
The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of NF-κB inhibitory guanidine derivative ME10092
2010
The guanidine compound ME10092 (1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-guanidine) is known to possess anti-radical and anti-ischemic activity but its molecular targets have not been identified. This study investigated whether ME10092 regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-mediated signal transduction in vivo. The effect of ME10092 treatment (1-100 pmol/mouse) on nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, activation of expression of inflammatory mediators and production of nitric oxide were measured in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model in mice in vivo. The antinociceptive activity of ME10092 was tested in the formalin-induced paw licking test. ME10092 dose-…
Cigarette smoke alters IL-33 expression and release in airway epithelial cells
2014
AbstractAirway epithelium is a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke alters the expression and the activation of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), an innate immunity receptor. IL-33, an alarmin, increases innate immunity Th2 responses. The aims of this study were to explore whether mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) or sera from smokers have altered concentrations of IL-33 and whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) alter both intracellular expression (mRNA and protein) and release of IL-33 in bronchial epithelial cells. The role of TLR4 in the expression of IL-33 was also explored.Mini-BALs, but not sera, from smokers show red…
Efficacy of Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Prospective Randomized 3-Month Follow-Up Study.
2022
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a modern physiotherapeutic method that is useful for treating musculoskeletal conditions. There are still limited data from well-designed studies evaluating the clinical efficiency of ESWT in low back pain (LBP). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the focused ESWT (fESWT) in reducing pain and improving the functional status of patients with chronic LBP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 40 patients with L5-S1 discopathy with chronic LBP pain who were randomized into 2 groups: group A (n=20, mean age of 42.3±13.1 years) and group B (n=20, mean age of 45.4±14 years). Group A was an experimental group treated …
Effect of indomethacin on the kinetics of tumour necrosis factor alpha release and tumour necrosis factor alpha gene expression by human blood monocy…
1991
Summary In this investigation we have examined the effects of indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid, upon the kinetics of the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and of the expression of TNF gene by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human blood monocytes (BM). Following stimulation of BM with LPS, TNF was released within 2 h, reached peak values at 8 h and declined at subsequent time-points (24 and 48 h). Indomethacin (10−5 m ) slightly stimulated the production of TNF at 2, 4, and 8 h and prevented the decline of TNF observed at 24 and 48 h. This effect was related to the persistence of TNF synthesis, as demonstrated by kinetics evaluation…
Parental experience of a risky environment leads to improved offspring growth rate.
2014
Abstract Parasites (or diseases) are major selective force for the evolution of life history traits and parasite-host evolution. Mothers can show a variety of responses to parasites during pregnancy with different consequences for them or their offspring. However, whether information in the maternal environment before pregnancy can cause a change in the phenotype of the offspring is unknown. To avoid the confounding effect of pathogens and to reduce the risk of direct effect of mother's immune activation, we injected female laboratory mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) before mating. In order to provide a constant information on the potential infectious risk of the environment, females wer…