Search results for "Population"

Perioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review

2018

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the leading sleep disordered breathing condition, with a prevalence rate of moderate to severe OSA of approximately 10-17% in the general population. Evidence acquisition We performed an Ovid-Medline search of all articles published up to August 2016. We included all articles providing updated evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms and perioperative interventions. Evidence synthesis OSA is associated with a number of comorbidities and increased perioperative risks. Although in-laboratory polysomnography represents the gold-standard for diagnosis of OSA, it is costly and time-consuming. Anesthesiologists may screen patients for OSA…

Non‐immune hydrops fetalis was rare in Sweden during 1997‐2015, but cases were associated with complications and poor prognosis

2020

Aim: The study was designed to document the incidence of non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) at birth and characterise associated outcomes and obstetric complications. Methods: Data on more than 1.9 million births were extracted from the Swedish Birth Register for 1997-2015. Pregnancies not affected by NIHF served as controls. National registers on mortality and hospitalisations provided follow-up information. Results: There were 309 cases of NIHF at birth corresponding to an incidence of 1.6 per 10 000, lower than in previous studies. NIHF was more frequent in mothers aged ≥35 years and with a history of stillbirth. Preterm delivery occurred in 77.7% in the NIHF group, including 31.7% before…

Aging population and stroke: Red flag.

2020

Thrombosis

2014

Background— Thrombosis is the common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) documented that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused 1 in 4 deaths worldwide. GBD 2010 did not report data for VTE as a cause of death and disability. Objective— To review the literature on the global burden of disease caused by VTE. Approach and Results— We performed a systematic review of the literature on the global disease burden because of VTE in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Studies from Western Europe, North America, Australia, and Southern Latin America (Argentina) yielded…

Haemorheological components in the pre-geriatric and geriatric age range in a randomly selected Western Sicily population sample (Casteldaccia study)

1993

{Received 24.8.1992; accepted 7.12.1992} On a randomly selected western Sicily population sample (Casteldac­ cia Study: 600 subjects; 300 males and 300 females) of an age range from 40 to 79 years, were determined: Haematocrit (Htc) , blood vi­ scosity, plasma viscosity, filterability of whole blood and fibrinogen. Par­ ticipation was 97%, being 582 subjects (M = 287, F = 295). All the parameters measured showed a progressive increase with age and si­ gnificant differences were found between male and female subjects: Htc and blood viscosity were higher in male subjects (p < 0.01), while plasma viscosity, whole blood filterability and fibrinogen were higher in female subjects (p < 0.05). In …

Clinical patterns and characteristics of midfacial fractures in western romanian population: a 10-year retrospective study

2019

Background The aim of this study was to identify the clinical pattern of midfacial fractures and concomitant associated injuries in our geographical area, as well as to correlate them in order to determine the type of fracture with the highest incidence of associated injuries. Material and Methods A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midfacial fractures was performed in 379 patients. Results Zygomatic complex fractures had the highest incidence (n=242, 50%). The majority of the fractures were complete (n=561, 92.42%), closed (n=473, 84.16%) and without displacement (n=454, 80.78%) regardless of the location of the fracture line (p=0.014). All patients had at least one associated soft tissu…

Coronavirus disease 2019 in chronic kidney disease

2020

Abstract The clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death. More severe cases with higher mortality have been reported in older patients and in those with chronic illness such as hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher rate of all-type infections and cardiovascular disease than the general population. A markedly altered immune system and immunosuppressed state may predispose CKD patients to infectious complications. Likewise, they have a state of chronic systemic inflammation that may increase …

Prevention of venous thromboembolic events occurring in myeloma patients treated with second-generation novel agents

2021

Thrombosis and neoplasms are strictly linked, and the diagnosis of a malignancy is a relevant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In particular, between gammopathies, the VTE risk is known to be increased in both monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and in multiple myeloma, with a 3- and 9-fold increase respectively, when compared to the general population. The risk appears to be further increased in patients treated with immunomodulating drugs, such as thalidomide, especially when in combination with dexamethasone or conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies, and lenalidomide. In 2008 the International Myeloma Working Group put out thrombosis prophylaxis recommendations fo…

Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-?? Therapy for Rheumatoid and Other Inflammatory Arthropathies

2006

Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha represents a major advance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. It is usually well tolerated, but a potential increase in the incidence of some infections in patients taking anti-TNFalpha agents has been reported. Compared with younger people, elderly patients have more co-morbidities and are likely to be taking more medications. Moreover, the aging process induces an increase in the rate of infections. Nevertheless, in recent studies analysing the databases of etanercept trials, the normalised incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, medically important infections and deaths was no…

Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association to the Occurrence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

2016

To date there is no consensus on the role of diabetes in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MR-ONJ). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and pathological glucose metabolism in patients with MR-ONJ compared to the general population. All maxillofacial surgery inpatients in one year at our department were investigated regarding diagnosis, anamnesis, medication, and blood glucose readings. 1374 records were analyzed. 35 patients with MR-ONJ were identified. Diabetics accounted for 14.3%. No significant difference in the prevalence of known diabetes was found, except for pathological glucose metabolism in patients with MR-ONJ (p &l…