Search results for "Positive economics"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
How Crime Spreads Through Imitation in Social Networks: A Simulation Model
2016
In this chapter an agent-based model for investigating how crime spreads through social networks is presented. Some theoretical issues related to the sociological explanation of crime are tested through simulation. The agent-based simulation allows us to investigate the relative impact of some mechanisms of social influence on crime, within a set of controlled simulated experiments.
Crisis, pandemia y fragilidades : reflexiones desde un ?balcón sociológico?.
2020
La crisis derivada de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la que se encuentran nuestras sociedades, nos lleva a pensar en la fragilidad o la incertidumbre como piezas fundamentales de ellas, y a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias sociales de esta situación. La relación cotidiana con una situación de confinamiento a la que nunca antes nos habíamos enfrentado, ha hecho resquebrajarse nuestra forma de gestionar el tiempo, de relacionarnos, de trabajar, de estudiar… Todo ello conllevará un nuevo escenario social en el que se sucederán multitud de preguntas a las que la Sociología deberá dar respuesta al tiempo que soluciones para las consecuencias sociales de esta crisis.
The modes of political theory
2001
State Neutrality and Psychopharmacological Enhancement
2010
Theoretical foundations of empirical measures of freedom: a research challenge to liberal economists
2004
In this essay we ground the theoretical foundations of an empirical measure of the degree of freedom perceived by individuals on the Millian view of affirmation and development of individuality. We then discuss the implications of such a measure for policy and institutional design.
Theoretical Approach: The Situation-Structural Model as an Analytical Tool to Explain Regionalism
2017
This chapter provides the analytical framework and guiding theory for this work. Muntschick develops an innovative situation-structural model to the analysis of regionalism that goes beyond Euro-centric and classic integration theories because it takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. This—often neglected—aspect is of crucial importance in regions with mainly developing countries that show strong and asymmetric relations to extra-regional actors. Besides offering clear-cut definitions of regions and regionalism, Muntschick draws on insights from cooperation and regime theory in order to specify assumptions and deduce hypotheses about the emergence, institutional design…
Consequences and Conclusion
2021
This chapter reflects the argument developed in the previous chapters, concluding that cosmopolitanism as nonrelationism is both a distinct and plausible position within the global justice debate. The chapter identifies prominent proponents and excludes others. The chapter also highlights the consequences of cosmopolitanism as nonrelationism for the evaluation and design of institutional structures on the global as well as on the domestic level.
The Sociocultural Basis for Innovation
2018
This chapter argues how economic behaviour in geography could be understood as historically anchored varieties of practice. Contemporary European patterns replicate deep anthropological dispositions as suggested by authors like Geert Hofstede and Emmanuel Todd, and substantiated by Duranton et al. (Types and the persistence of regional disparities in Europe. Economic Geography, 85(1), 23–47, 2009). Old, formative schemes are still operating and new institutional forms, be they cultural, economic or political, are conditioned by their mechanisms. This also goes for innovation. However, in the field of innovation policies, culturally explained variations, cleavages and mismatches are translat…
Interest, Voluntary Associations and the Stability of the Political System
1985
In this article the adequacy of the sociological paradigm in voluntary associ ations' research is investigated by comparing it with its nval, the incor poration or system integration paradigm (types 1 and 2) and with two approaches that are their combinations: multi-dimensional theones of disper sion and cross-cutting of interests (type 3) and multi-dimensional theories of incorporation and system integration of interests (type 4). I express the view that by themselves both pluralism and incorporation paradigms are , unable to depict the complex system of political stability. An adequate theory must contain elements of two dimensions of maintaining stability: firstly, the idea of dispersion…
The Post-entrepreneurial University: The Case for Resilience in Higher Education
2021
AbstractHistorically speaking, the university has been a highly resilient organizational form; however recent pressures to become entrepreneurial threaten the institutional foundations on which that reliance is based. The chapter first provides conceptual clarity by revisiting what we argue are two distinct schools of thought on the entrepreneurial university. We show how the economic school’s conception intertwines with the rise of New Public Management (NPM) in Europe in the late 1990s and early 2000s, reframing the concept in ways that made it incompatible with resilience thinking. However, we argue that by tying back into ‘lost’ elements of sociological school’s conception, and associat…