Search results for "Positive"
showing 10 items of 1875 documents
Qu'est-ce que les bandes enherbées? conséquences environnementales et biologiques
2009
National audience
Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics
2002
International audience; This review summarizes a collection of lactic acid bacteria that are now undergoing genomic sequencing and analysis. Summaries are presented on twenty different species, with each overview discussing the organisms fundamental and practical significance, environmental habitat, and its role in fermentation, bioprocessing, or probiotics. For those projects where genome sequence data were available by March 2002, summaries include a listing of key statistics and interesting genomic features. These efforts will revolutionize our molecular view of Gram-positive bacteria, as up to 15 genomes from the low GC content lactic acid bacteria are expected to be available in the pu…
Les politiques de discrimination positive en France et à l'étranger
2000
International audience; Ce texte présente de façon succincte les politiques de discrimination positive mises en place en France et dans quelques autres pays (Etats Unis, Pays Bas, Royaume Uni). Il examine les fondements de ces politiques en termes de philosophie politique, puis ce que la recherche empirique indique, dans ces pays, sur les modalités de leur mise en oeuvre et leur efficacité. Il se conclut par une évocation rapide des tendances qui y affectent aujourd'hui leurs modes de pilotage.
Appréhender les inégalités dans et par l'enseignement supérieur : spécificité des mesures, spécificité des processus ?
2009
To assess social inequalities in higher education often appears as a straightforward issue: as a routine and as at the previous levels of education, one compares the diverse social groups' rates of access (or the rates of success) and any difference will be considered as an inequality... That will induce, sometimes, implementing some programs of positive discrimination. However, especially because higher education is the "final" stage of schooling careers, any analysis focusing on that level requires some specific reflection about how to assess social inequalities, with some political implications. This note raises some interrogations, both methodological and more theoretical (or political)…
L'école, l'état des savoirs
2000
L'école constitue aujourd'hui plus que jamais un des enjeux majeurs de l'action politique et occupe une place importante dans les débats publics. L'efficacité du système scolaire, sa capacité d'intégration, son organisation, l'orientation des contenus d'enseignement, la formation et les pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants font l'objet de multiples critiques et propositions émanant de tous les bords. Cet ouvrage collectif, accessible aux non-spécialistes, a pour ambition d'éclairer ces débats. Rassemblant près de cinquante contributions, il présente un état des savoirs le plus complet possible sur la situation de l'école française.On y trouvera une analyse des différents réseaux, niveaux …
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Autoridad Institucional en adolescentes (AAI-A)
2013
Las actitudes de los adolescentes hacia la autoridad institucional se relacionan con su implicación en comportamientos transgresores y con conductas de riesgo tales como el consumo de sustancias o las conductas predelictivas. Las actitudes que mantienen hacia profesores, policía, escuela y leyes constituyen, por tanto, una variable relevante en el estudio del ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de aportar un instrumento fiable para la medición de estas actitudes, analizando las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Autoridad Ins-titucional en adolescentes (AAI-A). La estructura factorial de esta escala es analizada mediante anális…
Emotional and behavioral difficulties in adolescence: Relationship with emotional well-being, affect, and academic performance
2018
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine difficulties in behavioral and emotional adjustment and their relationship to subjective well-being, positive and negative affect, and academic performance in a representative sample of nonclinical adolescents. The sample consisted of a total of 1,664 participants (M = 16.12 years, SD = 1.36, range 14-19 years), selected through stratified cluster sampling. The instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children (PWI-SC), the ad hoc academic performance questionnaire, and the Oviedo Scale of Response Infre…
Smad7 controls resistance of colitogenic T cells to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression.
2008
Background & Aims Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the maintenance of the gut immune homeostasis, and an intact transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is required for their function. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the TGF-β signaling is impaired because of high expression of the inhibitory molecule Smad7. Although no intrinsic defects in Tregs function have been shown in IBD, it is still unknown whether colitogenic T cells are susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. In this study, we have investigated whether IBD mucosal CD4+ T cells are resistant to Tregs and whether Smad7 is involved in this process. Methods IBD lamina propria mononuclear cells …
Clinical and MRI measures to identify non-acute MOG-antibody disease in adults
2022
Abstract MRI and clinical features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease may overlap with those of other inflammatory demyelinating conditions posing diagnostic challenges, especially in non-acute phases and when serologic testing for MOG antibodies is unavailable or shows uncertain results. We aimed to identify MRI and clinical markers that differentiate non-acute MOG-antibody disease from aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, guiding in the identification of patients with MOG-antibody disease in clinical practice. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, data from 16 MAGNIMS centres were i…
Distinct bhaplotype structure at the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 across bank vole populations and lineages in Europe
2015
Abstract: Parasite-mediated selection may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation at host immune genes over long time scales. To date, the best evidence for the long-term maintenance of immunogenetic variation in natural populations comes from studies on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, whereas evidence for such processes from other immune genes remains scarce. In the present study, we show that, despite pronounced population differentiation and the occurrence of numerous private alleles within populations, the innate immune gene Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) displays a distinct haplotype structure in 21 bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations across Europe. Haplo…