Search results for "Potentials"

Event-Related Potentials to Changes in Sound Intensity Demonstrate Alterations in Brain Function Related to Depression and Aging

2020

Measures of the brain’s automatic electrophysiological responses to sounds represent a potential tool for identifying age- and depression-related neural markers. However, these markers have rarely been studied related to aging and depression within one study. Here, we investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in the brain that may show different alterations related to aging and depression. We used an oddball condition employing changes in sound intensity to investigate: (i) sound intensity dependence; (ii) sensory gating; and (iii) change detection, all within a single paradigm. The ERPs of younger (18–40 years) and older (62–80 years) depressed female participants and age-match…

Brain's change detection elicited by emotional facial expressions in depressed and non-depressed individuals

2009

The Interplay between Musical and Linguistic Aptitudes: A Review.

2011

According to prevailing views, brain organization is modulated by practice, e.g., during musical or linguistic training. Most recent results, using both neuropsychological tests and brain measures, revealed an intriguing connection between musical aptitude and second language linguistic abilities. A significant relationship between higher musical aptitude, better second language pronunciation skills, accurate chord discrimination ability, and more prominent sound-change-evoked brain activation in response to musical stimuli was found. Moreover, regular music practice may also have a modulatory effect on the brain’s linguistic organization and alter hemispheric functioning in those who have …

Distilling the essence of TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs): A call for securing mechanistic specificity and experimental rigor

2019

Characterization of adenosine receptors in guinea-pig isolated left atria

1989

1. The effects of purinergic stimulation on action potential, force of contraction, 86Rb efflux and 45Ca uptake were investigated in guinea-pig left atria. 2. Adenosine exerted a negative inotropic effect which was antagonized by adenosine deaminase but enhanced by dipyridamole. 3. The negative inotropic effect of adenosine was mimicked by 5'-(N-ethyl)-carboxamido-adenosine (NECA) and the isomers of N6-(phenyl-isopropyl)-adenosine, R-PIA and S-PIA. NECA and R-PIA were about 100 times more potent than adenosine, whereas R-PIA was about 100 times more potent than S-PIA. 4. The inotropic effects of adenosine (in the presence of dipyridamole), NECA, R-PIA and S-PIA were competitively antagonize…

13 LASER-EVOKED POTENTIALS IN PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

2007

Differences in visual information processing style between Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with and without photosensitivity.

2021

Purpose: Recently, altered visual cortical processes i.e., lack of habituation to visual evoked potentials (VEP), has been highlighted in both photosensitive epilepsy and in a specific i.e., analytic mode of processing visual inputs. In this study we aimed at evaluating the relationship between photosensitivity (PS) and analytic style of processing visual information, in a sample of 30 patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) and matched healthy controls. Methods: At our Epilepsy unit of the Sapienza University of Rome, we consecutively enrolled 15 patients with IGE with PSand matched them with 15 patients with IGE without PS and 15 Healthy Volunteers. All patients underwent EEG …

Analysis of the hyperpolarizing effects of forskolin in guinea-pig atrial heart muscle.

1988

The effects of forskolin on action potential configuration and on both uptake and efflux of 86Rb+ were studied in guinea-pig left atria. The action potential was prolonged by forskolin in the plateau range but shortened at the end of repolarization; maximal upstroke velocity and amplitude of slow response potentials were enhanced. In partially depolarized preparations, the resting potential was increased by forskolin; this effect was not prevented by atropine 1 μmol/1. Forskolin augmented the rate constant of 86Rb+ efflux in beating and in resting preparations. The uptake of 86Rbs+ was enhanced by forskolin in resting preparations. It is concluded that forskolin stimulates the Na+, K+ -pump…

Properties of tuberomammillary histamine neurones and their response to galanin.

1991

Histaminergic neurones in the tuberomammillary nucleus possess electrophysiological properties which distinguish them from other neurones in their neighborhood. Their resting potential is -50 mV and they are spontaneously active at about 2 Hz in a slice preparation. They display a transient outward rectification and an anomalous inward rectification. Bath application of galanin (0.1 microM) reduced their firing rate significantly and hyperpolarized them slightly.

The Neurophysiological Responses of Concussive Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies

2020

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated neurophysiological responses using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) following a concussion or sub-concussion. Methods: A systematic searching of relevant databases for peer-reviewed literature quantifying motor evoked potentials from TMS between 1999 and 2019 was performed. A meta-analysis quantified pooled data for measures including motor threshold, motor latency, and motor evoked potential amplitude and for inhibitory measures such as cortical silent period duration, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) ratios. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria…