Search results for "Prague"
showing 10 items of 652 documents
Effects of cyclooxygenase-1/cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in the rat mesentery.
2002
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and cause gastrointestinal damage in part by promoting leukocyte accumulation in the mucosa. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of selective blockade of the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 on leukocyte adhesion in vivo. Leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions were examined in rat mesenteric venules before and after treatment with indomethacin, SC-560 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole, cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor), DFP (5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-(4-methanesulfonyl)-2(5H)-furanone, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), or SC-560 plus DFP (20 mg/kg, i.v. each). Indomethacin i…
Metabolism of propafenone and verapamil by cryopreserved human, rat, mouse and dog hepatocytes: comparison with metabolism in vivo
2003
In the present study we examined the metabolism of [(14)C]propafenone (P) and [(14)C]verapamil (V) using cryopreserved human, dog (Beagle), rat (Sprague-Dawley) and mouse (NMRI) hepatocytes. The percentage ratios of the metabolites were identified after extraction by HPLC with UV and radioactivity detection. Phase-II metabolites were cleaved using beta-glucuronidase. Metabolism of the drugs by cryopreserved hepatocytes was compared with that in the respective species in vivo. All phase-I and -II metabolites known from in vivo experiments: 5-hydroxy-P (5-OH-P); 4'-hydroxy-P (4'-OH-P); N-despropyl-P (NdesP) and the respective glucuronides, were identified after incubation with cryopreserved h…
A differential role of CREB phosphorylation in cAMP-inducible gene expression in the rat pineal
2000
In the rat pineal gland cAMP mediates nocturnal induction of the enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) as well as of transcription factors such as inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) and JunB. Cyclic AMP stimulates the phosphorylation of the DNA binding protein cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). While cAMP-induced CREB phosphorylation appears to be a prerequisite for AA-NAT and ICER gene expression, it is not known whether CREB phosphorylation accounts for the full cAMP response of the two genes. Furthermore, the significance of CREB phosphorylation in cAMP-activated Fra-2 and JunB transcription is unknown. In the present in vitro stu…
Multilayer capsules: a promising microencapsulation system for transplantation of pancreatic islets
2001
In 1980, Lim and Sun introduced a microcapsule coated with an alginate/polylysine complex for encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Characteristic to this type of capsule is, that it consists of a plain membrane which is formed during a single procedural step. With such a simple process it is difficult to obtain instantly a membrane optimized with respect to all the properties requested for islet transplantation. To overcome these difficulties, it is recommended to build up the membrane in several consecutive steps, each optimized for a certain property. In this study, we have analysed such a multilayer microcapsule for the encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Therefore, empty and islet contai…
Degradation of phosphatidylethanol counteracts the apparent phospholipase D-mediated formation in heart and other organs.
2003
Phosphatidylalcohols, such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are formed from phosphatidylcholine in the presence of a primary alcohol (e.g., ethanol). This 'transphosphatidylation' reaction is used as specific phospholipase D (PLD) assay. Accumulation of PEth in tissues is recognized as a reliable measure of PLD activity, as PEth is allegedly metabolically stable. The general validity of this assumption was reinvestigated in isolated rat heart, small intestine and brain slices. The half-times of 3H-PEth degradation (labelled with 3H-myristic acid and preformed by ethanol exposure for 30 min) were about 1 h in heart and small intestine, but 17 h in brain. As the formation of PEth is superimpose…
Effects of a vitamin D3 analogue in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction
2006
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of the vitamin D3 analogue, BXL-628, on some of the consequences of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), e.g. hypertrophy and loss of contractile function, as vitamin D3 and BXL-628 inhibit prostate and bladder cell growth in vitro, and there are receptors for vitamin D in rat and human bladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS In female rats, BOO was produced by a standardized method; one group received daily BXL-628 (150 µg/kg per day) and the remaining rats received vehicle. Sham-operated rats received BXL-628 or vehicle. After 2 weeks, the conscious rats were assessed by cystometry. Plasma calcium levels were determined and in vitro contractility assessed at the end of…
Abnormal peripubertal development of the rat mammary gland following exposure in utero and during lactation to a mixture of genistein and the food co…
2011
The impact of early exposure to endocrine disruptor mixtures on mammary gland development is poorly known. Here, we identify the effects of a conception to weaning exposure of rats to the phytoestrogen genistein (G) and/or the antiandrogen vinclozolin (V) at 1 mg/kg-d, alone or in association. Using several approaches, we found that G- and GV-exposed rats displayed significantly greater epithelial branching and proliferation, wider terminal end buds than controls at PND35, as well as ductal hyperplasia and periductal fibrosis. Focal branching defects were present in V-exposed rats. An increased ER and AR expression was observed in G- and CV- as compared to V-exposed rats at PND35. Surprisin…
Ventilatory conditioning by self-stimulation in rats: A pilot study
1994
International audience; This article describes an experimental attempt to condition breathing pattern in rats. In this experiment, a freely moving rat was first rewarded by an electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle whenever inspiratory duration (TI) exceeded 300 ms. A bidirectional control was then used: TIs longer than 400 ms were rewarded, and then TIs shorter than 300 ms were rewarded. The frequency of TIs longer than 300 ms increased when this event was rewarded, further increased when TIs above 400 ms were rewarded, and decreased during reversal conditioning (TI < 300 ms). At the beginning of the experiment, stimulation caused increased arousal and motor activity, but af…
Abnormal peripubertal development of the rat mammary gland following exposure in utero and during lactation to a mixture of genistein and the food co…
2012
The impact of early exposure to endocrine disruptor mixtures on mammary gland development is poorly known. Here, we identify the effects of a conception to weaning exposure of rats to the phytoestrogen genistein (G) and/or the antiandrogen vinclozolin (V) at 1 mg/kg-d, alone or in association. Using several approaches, we found that G- and GV-exposed rats displayed significantly greater epithelial branching and proliferation, wider terminal end buds than controls at PND35, as well as ductal hyperplasia and periductal fibrosis. Focal branching defects were present in V-exposed rats. An increased ER and AR expression was observed in G- and CV- as compared to V-exposed rats at PND35. Surprisin…
Toward evidence-based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: II. Chemical post-status epilepticus model.
2019
Objective: Considering the complexity of neuronal circuits and their epilepsy-associated alterations, epilepsy models cannot be completely replaced by in vitro experimental approaches. Decisions about ethical approval of in vivo studies require a thorough weighing of the animal's burden and the benefit regarding the expected gain in knowledge. Methods: Based on combined behavioral, biochemical, and physiological analyses, we assessed the impact on animal well-being and condition in different phases of the pilocarpine post–status epilepticus (SE) model in rats. Results: As a consequence of SE, increased levels of impairment were evident in the early postinsult phase and late chronic phase, w…