Search results for "Pregnancy complications"
showing 10 items of 490 documents
Low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: Rationale and design of the Highlow study, a randomised trial …
2016
Summary Background Women with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have a 2% to 10% absolute risk of VTE recurrence during subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, current guidelines recommend that all pregnant women with a history of VTE receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. The optimal dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis is unknown. In the Highlow study (NCT 01828697; www.highlowstudy.org ), we compare a fixed low dose of LMWH with an intermediate dose of LMWH for the prevention of pregnancy-associated recurrent VTE. We present the rationale and design features of this study. Methods The Highlow study is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, internation…
Fetal dose measurements and shielding efficiency assessment in a custom setup of (192)Ir brachytherapy for a pregnant woman with breast cancer.
2015
To assess the radiation dose to the fetus of a pregnant patient undergoing high-dose-rate (HDR) (192)Ir interstitial breast brachytherapy, and to design a new patient setup and lead shielding technique that minimizes the fetal dose.Radiochromic films were placed between the slices of an anthropomorphic phantom modeling the patient. The pregnant woman was seated in a chair with the breast over a table and inside a leaded box. Dose variation as a function of distance from the implant volume as well as dose homogeneity within a representative slice of the fetal position was evaluated without and with shielding.With shielding, the peripheral dose after a complete treatment ranged from 50 cGy at…
Associations of maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes
2015
Objective To investigate the association of maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Four geographical areas of Spain, 2003–2008. Population Of 2382 mother–child pairs participating in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. Methods Maternal circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured in pregnancy (mean [SD] 13.5 [2.2] weeks of gestation). We tested associations of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Main outcome measures Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery, caesarean section, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and small-for-gestational…
No phenotypic differences for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) between women with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus.
2013
Context: Women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) have a higher prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than the general population. Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify, in DM1 women with PCOS(PCOS-DM1), the influence of insulin therapy and glycemic control and evaluate the hormonal and phenotypic differences with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched women with PCOS without diabetes. Design, Setting, and Patients: We evaluated 103 DM1 women with and without PCOS treated with intensive insulin therapy; 38 age-matched and BMI-matched women with PCOS without diabetes were compared in a cross-sectional study. Outcome Measurements: Clinical, anthropometric, and metab…
Inhibition of human detrusor contraction by a urothelium derived factor.
2003
Stimulating muscarinic receptors in pig bladder urothelium causes the release of a diffusable factor that inhibits contractions of the underlying detrusor muscle. We investigated whether the contractions of human detrusor strips elicited by the muscarinic agonist carbachol, electrical field stimulation, KCl or the neurokinin receptor agonist neurokinin A are affected by the urothelium.Paired intact and urothelium denuded muscle strips were placed in modified gassed Tyrode's solution at 37C. Cumulative concentration-response curves to carbachol or KCl were constructed. In other tissues the strips were stimulated electrically (1 to 40 Hz) with trains of square wave pulses 20 seconds in durati…
COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy, Paediatrics, Immunocompromised Patients, and Persons with History of Allergy or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Overvi…
2021
To date, four vaccines have been authorised for emergency use and under conditional approval by the European Medicines Agency to prevent COVID-19: Comirnaty, COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna) and Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca). Although the benefit–risk profile of these vaccines was proven to be largely favourable in the general population, evidence in special cohorts initially excluded from the pivotal trials, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, children/adolescents, immunocompromised people and persons with a history of allergy or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, is still limited. In this narrative review, we critically overv…
Fresh Human Orthotopic Ovarian Cortex Transplantation: Long-term Results
2006
An increasing number of young women are being diagnosed with cancer, and most cancer treatments have irreversibly negative effects on reproduction. Ovarian stimulation and preservation of oocytes or embryos is far from an ideal solution, in part because hormonal treatment may adversely affect some cancers. Another possibility is cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for later autotransplantation, but the ischemic damage caused by the procedure can lead to follicle loss. Using the ovarian medulla for orthotopic ovarian cortex transplantation might limit the risk of ischemia because the ovarian artery would assure a good blood supply. In addition, the medulla may have a role in follicular develo…
Mullarian-inhibiting substance reflects ovarian findings in women with polycystic ovary syndrome better than does inhibin-B
2005
Objective: To investigate Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as relationships to ovarian morphology, levels of inhibin B, and other reproductive hormones. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Academic endocrinology centers in Palermo, Italy and New York. Patient(s): Forty-six women with PCOS, recruited on the basis of the classic criteria of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and 25 age-matched ovulatory controls. Intervention(s): Fasting blood was obtained in all subjects in the early follicular phase (days 5–6) after spontaneous or induced menses (in PCOS), and transvaginal ultrasounds were performed. Main Out…
Two-site ELISA for quantification of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in plasma
1993
Abstract A quantitative ELISA procedure using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against neoantigens of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex has been developed. The ELISA was demonstrated to be both sensitive and reproducible. The normal range for C5b-9 determinations, defined as 2.5–97.5% interval of the values obtained in 76 healthy blood donors, was 3.12–10.3 AU/ml. The presence of rheumatoid factor did not affect the determination of C5b-9 as demonstrated by immunoabsorption studies.
JAK3/STAT5/6 Pathway Alterations Are Associated with Immune Deviation in CD8+ T Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
2010
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying altered T cell response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, we compared autologous and allogeneic CD8(+) T cell responses against RCC line from RCC patients and their HLA-matched donors, using mixed lymphocyte/tumor cell cultures (MLTCs). In addition, we analyzed the expression of molecules associated with cell cycle regulation. Autologous MLTC responder CD8(+) T cells showed cytotoxic activity against RCC cell lines; however the analysis of the distribution of CD8(+) T-cell subsets revealed that allogenic counterparts mediate superior antitumor efficacy. In RCC patients, a decreased proliferative response to tumor, associated with defe…