Search results for "Press"

Estradiol, acting through estrogen receptor alpha, restores dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity and nitric oxide production in oxLDL-tre…

2011

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA accumulation, mainly due to a decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity, has been related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. We investigate whether estradiol prevents the changes induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on the DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway in human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAEC). HUAEC were exposed to estradiol, native LDL (nLDL), oxLDL and their combinations for 24 h. In some experiments, cells were also exposed to the unspecific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780, the specific ERα antagonist MPP or specific agonists …

Empirical examination of the interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa

2013

Objective A cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa (AN) was first proposed in 2006 and updated in 2013 (Schmidt and Treasure, J Br J Clin Psychol, 45, 343-366, 2006; Treasure and Schmidt, J Eat Disorders, in press.). The aim of this study was to test the interpersonal component of this model in people with AN requiring intensive hospital treatment (inpatient/daypatient). Method On admission to hospital women with AN or eating disorder not otherwise specified (AN subtype; n = 152; P) and their primary carers (n = 152; C) completed questionnaires on eating symptoms (P), depression and anxiety (P, C), accommodation and enabling (C), and psychological control (C). Structu…

Adaptation and Implementation of an Intervention Programme on Spanish Carers and Adolescent Patients With an Eating Disorder: Study Protocol of a Ran…

2021

Introduction:One of the major problems with inpatient treatment of adolescent girls with an eating disorder (ED) is that the strategies learned during their hospital stay are not easily applied or maintained in their daily lives, and this has been related to high rates of relapse and readmission. The ECHOMANTRA programme was developed to optimize outcomes during and following inpatient or day-patient treatment. ECHOMANTRA is based on interventions for carers (Experienced Carers Helping Others, ECHO) and patients (Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults, MANTRA) and is developed from the cognitive interpersonal model of anorexia (Schmidt and Treasure, 2006;Treasure and Schmid…

A meta-review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

2020

There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Result…

The hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire in physical danger and evaluation situations

1996

In this article we analyze the variables of anxiety and depression in two different situations: a combat situation and taking an exam. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire with a sample of 621 subjects, divided in four groups, two groups of soldiers, one of them in situation of combat (SBH) and the other one on the military service (CMS). The other two groups were composed of male students (MS) and female students (FS) that were going to take an exam. Results could be organized in two ways: quantitative results, where the more stable subjects are the soldiers in situation of combat (SBH), both in anxiety and in the depression variables. The female students (FS) ob…

Moderate and severe depression

2000

Background: Despite its importance, no distinction between moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) based on a direct comparison with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) is available. Methods: HAMD-17 and MADRS ratings from N=40 at least moderately depressed inpatients with major depression (DSM-III-R) were analyzed. Linear and non-parametric correlations were computed and a MADRS cut-off score for severe depression using an HAMD-17 score of at least 28 points as reference was estimated. Results: HAMD-17 and MADRS mean scores were 24.6±4.3 and 32.6±5.0 points, respectively. Linear correlation of both scores was r=0.70 (P<0.0005). …

The concept of major depression. II. Agreement between six competing operational definitions in 600 psychiatric inpatients.

1991

Six operational definitions of the concept of major depression were submitted to empirical evaluation in 600 psychiatric inpatients. Special attention was given to the comparison of major depression in DSM-III-R and ICD-10. The data base created by a polydiagnostic interview revealed relevant classificatory differences between the six definitions under study. Sources of different diagnostic base rates were: inclusion or omission of anhedonia as an obligatory mood criterion; minimal number of syndrome criteria required for the syndrome diagnosis; different width and reference points of time criteria; exclusion rules for co-existing schizophrenic symptoms and for previous nonaffective and man…

Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity

2005

Summary Background  Chronic urticaria (CU), one of the most common skin disorders, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent bouts of weals and pruritus and associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). Objectives  To determine what aspects of life quality are affected and to characterize the factors that impact on QoL in CU patients. Subjects and methods  This interdisciplinary interview/questionnaire-based study included 100 patients admitted to a University Hospital Dermatology Department for the identification of underlying causes of CU; 96 healthy subjects matched for age and sex were used as controls. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29, a validated instrument to measure the …

2014

Background: Motor imagery is a potential tool to investigate action representation, as it can provide insights into the processes of action planning and preparation. Recent studies suggest that depressed patients present specific impairment in mental rotation. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of unipolar depression on motor imagery ability.Methods: Fourteen right-handed patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for unipolar depression were compared to fourteen matched healthy controls. Imagery ability was accessed by the timing correspondence between executed and imagined movements during a pointing task, involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade of…

Medications between psychiatric and addictive disorders

2016

International audience; Introduction : Many epidemiological studies have revealed a frequent co-occurrence of psychiatric and substance use disorders. The term used in the literature to refer to this co-occurrence is dual diagnosis. The high prevalence of dual diagnosis has led physicians to observe the effects of medication prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders on the co-occurring substance use disorder and vice versa. The concept of medications between psychiatric and addictive disorders stems from these clinical observations, alongside which, however, it has developed from the observation that both psychiatric and substance use disorders share common neurobiological pathways and trig…