Search results for "Prevention"
showing 10 items of 1662 documents
Revisiting bank failure in the United States: a fuzzy-set analysis
2020
Past financial crises have illustrated the importance of recognising the combinations of factors that can cause financial distress in the banking industry. Accordingly, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the combinations of factors that lead to bank failure. The data consist of 30 annual financial ratio series for 156 U.S. banks over a 15-year period (2001–2015). Identifying combinations of conditions that can produce bank failure is crucial to help regulators and bank managers. The fsQCA presented in this paper sheds light on the relationships between combinations of conditions and bank failure, providing a solution comprising two sufficient and …
How communities' perceptions of disasters influence disaster response: managing landslides on Mount Elgon, Uganda
2014
The aim of this paper is to assess the role of people's perception in disaster management. It is based on a study carried out along the slopes of Mount Elgon in Eastern Uganda. People living in the study area have experienced a number of landslides, but the landslide in 2010 had the most far-reaching effects on community livelihoods and resulted in a major setback to development efforts in the area. Experiences of landslides have enabled the local people to develop a number of interpretations of the causes and effects of the phenomena. The study revealed that community members did not share uniform perceptions. Whereas some members advanced technical or physical explanations for the 2010 di…
The Employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Analyzing and Mitigating Disaster Risks in Industrial Sites
2020
Effective safety procedures play a fundamental role in high-risk industrial contexts, because the occurrence of an accident can cause environmental catastrophes, severe damages to the structures, and fatal injuries to the workers. In particular, maintaining detailed and up-to-date information about potential accident areas is a crucial issue to prevent the occurrence of disasters and to safely plan the rescue process. In such contexts, periodic safety inspections are therefore performed on a regular basis, although they may expose the inspection personnel to harsh or hazardous environments. The employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in such situations can provide unprecedented opport…
Reversible neural stem cell niche dysfunction in a model of multiple sclerosis
2011
Objective The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain constitutes a niche for neural stem and progenitor cells that can initiate repair after central nervous system (CNS) injury. In a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the neural stem cells (NSCs) become activated and initiate regeneration during acute disease, but lose this ability during the chronic phases of disease. We hypothesized that chronic microglia activation contributes to the failure of the NSC repair potential in the SVZ. Methods Using bromodeoxyuridine injections at different time points during EAE, we quantified the number of proliferating and differentiating progenitors, and evaluate…
The Effect of Periodontal Treatment on the Reactive Hyperemia Index. A 1-Year Follow-Up Pilot Study
2022
BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease of the supportive tissues of the teeth. In more recent years, remarkable epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been presented. Whether or not treatment of periodontitis is valuable for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, has not yet been fully established. In this practice-based pilot study we focused on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, by investigating the effect of periodontal treatment on the earliest detectable stage of CVD; endothelial dysfunction.MethodsOtherwise healthy periodontitis and non-periodontiti…
Terpenoid treatment in osteoporosis: this is where we have come in research.
2021
Lower bone resistance to load is due to the imbalance of bone homeostasis, where excessive bone resorption, compared with bone formation, determines a progressive osteopenia, leading to a high risk of fractures and consequent pain and functional limitations. Terpenoids, with their activities against bone resorption, have recently received increased attention from researchers. They are potentially more suitable for long-term use compared with traditional therapeutics. In this review of the literature of the past 5 years, we provide comprehensive information on terpenoids, with their anti-osteoporotic effects, highlighting molecular mechanisms that are often in epigenetic key and a possible p…
Advances in endoscopic imaging of colorectal neoplasia.
2010
Colon cancer screening is arguably the most important activity performed by gastroenterologists. Recent decreases in rates of death from colorectal cancer indicate that screening methods such as colonoscopy have a positive impact. There is still room for improvement, however, particularly in prevention of right-sided colon cancer. Practice issues, such as making colonoscopy more comfortable, safer, and less costly, are keys to continued success in cancer prevention. Colonoscopy techniques, technologies, and quality control measures have advanced to improve detection, classification, and removal of early neoplasias. In particular, slow, careful inspection of the colon by gastroenterologists …
Statistical survey focused on diffusion and knowledge of energy drinks, conducted in Palermo
2022
In recent years energy drinks consumption has increased, due to their ability to improve physical and cognitive performance. Unfortunately, because of poor or incorrect information, people are not always aware of the harmful consequences of these drinks such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, tachycardia until death. Therefore, we conducted a statistical survey in the Palermo area, submitting a paper questionnaire to 1003 people. Data analysis shows that only 29% of the audience never consumed energy drinks, while 71% tried them at least once in their life, especially in adolescence; 81% never or rarely drink them, 14% drink them a few times a month, while 5% drink them several times a wee…
Is naturalistic driving research possible with highly instrumented cars? Lessons learnt in three research centres.
2011
This paper provides an overview of the experiences using Highly Instrumented Cars (HICs) in three research Centres across Europe; Spain, the UK and Greece. The data collection capability of each car is described and an overview presented relating to the relationship between the level of instrumentation and the research possible. A discussion then follows which considers the advantages and disadvantages of using HICs for ND research. This includes the obtrusive nature of the data collection equipment, the cost of equipping the vehicles with sophisticated Data Acquisition Systems (DAS) and the challenges for data storage and analysis particularly with respect to video data. It is concluded th…
DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF HEAD AND CHEST PARAMETERS BY SIMULATION OF VEHICLE-TEENAGER IMPACT
2013
This paper reports the results of multi-body numerical simulation of a vehicle crash with a teenager pedestrian. A previous technique utilized for adult pedestrian impact is applied. The work starts with the determination of the masses for the various segments of the body of a teenager with a total mass of 45 kg and then switches to the construction of the dummy and the middle-class vehicle in the Visual Nastran environment. Simulations are performed for both frontal impacts and lateral impacts, when the vehicle is travelling at a constant speed and when the vehicle is braking, following the Euro NCAP rules on the subject. The results are analysed by calculating the values of the head inju…