Search results for "Priming"

Healthy Aging and Sentence Production: Disrupted Lexical Access in the Context of Intact Syntactic Planning.

2020

AbstractHealthy ageing does not affect all features of language processing equally. In this study, we investigated the effects of ageing on different processes involved in fluent sentence production, a complex task that requires the successful execution and coordination of multiple processes. In Experiment 1, we investigated age-related effects on the speed of syntax selection using a syntactic priming paradigm. Both young and older adults produced target sentences quicker following syntactically related primes compared to unrelated primes, indicating that syntactic facilitation effects are preserved with age. In Experiment 2, we investigated age-related effects in syntactic planning and le…

There is no clam with coats in the calm coast: delimiting the transposed-letter priming effect.

2009

In this article, we explore the transposed-letter priming effect (e.g., jugde–JUDGE vs. jupte–JUDGE), a phenomenon that taps into some key issues on how the brain encodes letter positions and has favoured the creation of new input coding schemes. However, almost all the empirical evidence from transposed-letter priming experiments comes from nonword primes (e.g., jugde–JUDGE). Indeed, previous evidence when using word–word pairs (e.g., causal–CASUAL) is not conclusive. Here, we conducted five masked priming lexical decision experiments that examined the relationship between pairs of real words that differed only in the transposition of two of their letters (e.g., CASUAL vs. CAUSAL). Result…

Do transposed-letter similarity effects occur at a prelexical phonological level?

2006

Nonwords created by transposing two letters (e.g., RELOVUTION) are very effective at activating the lexical representation of their base words (Perea & Lupker, 2004). In the present study, we examined whether the nature of transposed-letter (TL) similarity effects was purely orthographic or whether it could also have a phonological component. Specifically, we examined transposed-letter similarity effects for nonwords created by transposing two nonadjacent letters (e.g., relovución– REVOLUCIÓN) in a masked form priming experiment using the lexical decision task (Experiment 1). The controls were (a) a pseudohomophone of the transposed-letter prime ( relobución– REVOLUCIÓN; note that B an…

Subliminal fear priming potentiates negative facial reactions to food pictures in women with anorexia nervosa.

2010

BackgroundTo investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodAN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hungerversussatiety). Both implicit [facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic and corrugator muscles, skin conductance, heart rate, and videotaped facial behavior] and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded.ResultsIn contrast to healthy wo…

Adult age differences in inhibitory processes and their predictive validity for fluid intelligence.

2008

According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis age differences in working memory capacity and fluid intelligence have been attributed to a decline in inhibitory efficiency. Conceptualizing inhibition as multifaceted, 88 participants (49 younger and 39 elderly) completed two versions of the negative priming paradigm (identification and localization), and two variants of the directed forgetting paradigm (listwise and itemwise). Two tasks of the Wechsler Intelligence Test with high loadings on general fluid intelligence (Gf) served as validation criteria. Results revealed task-specific and speed-independent inhibitory deficits in the elderly (lower negative priming in both paradigms; more intr…

Unraveling the three faces of self-esteem: A new information-processing sociometer perspective

2009

Abstract Based on an integration of sociometer theory and information-processing models, the present study investigated the predictive validity of three self-esteem measures: self-report, an implicit association test, and an affective priming task. In a first session, self-esteem measures were obtained from 93 participants. After an interval of four weeks, interpersonal perception ratings were collected in small round-robin groups. Participants were requested to briefly introduce themselves to the group before evaluating one another and indicating how they expected to be evaluated by the others (metaperceptions). As hypothesized, all three self-esteem measures independently predicted the pe…

Effetti di Priming sul comportamento d'aiuto

2012

Previous research studies have used priming techniques to increase willingness to help, but most of these have simply measured intention to engage in prosocial behavior rather than real helping behavior. Two different studies investigated the effect of priming the concept of prosocial behavior on real helping behavior. After priming prosociality through a scrambled sentences test, participants were shown to increase their donation rate after a direct request coming from an experimenter's confederate (Study 1) and to spontaneously help to a greater extent a girl whose books had fallen on the floor (Study 2). The implications of this automatic behavior priming effect are discussed within the …

Priming of Leishmania-Reactive CD8+ T cells In Vivo Does Not Require LMP7-Containing Immunoproteasomes

2012

Microbiological control of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi with special emphasis on wilt-inducing Fusarium oxysporum

2009

Contents   Summary  529 I. Biological control of plant diseases: state of the art  530 II. Main modes of action of biological control agents  530 III. The protective strains of F. oxysporum: an unexplored model  532 IV. Future directions for the study of the protective capacity of strains of F. oxysporum  539 V. How to make biological control successful in the field?  540   References  541 Summary Plant diseases induced by soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most difficult to control. In the absence of effective chemical control methods, there is renewed interest in biological control based on application of populations of antagonistic micro-organisms. In addition to Pseudomonas spp. a…

Semantic context-processing deficit in thought-disordered schizophrenic patients: Evidence from new semantic priming paradigms

2006

Introduction. Disorders in the processing of the semantic context are now a well-established phenomenon in thought-disordered (TD) schizophrenic patients, and have been revealed especially well by studies that have made use of the experimental paradigm of lexical decision tasks coupled with semantic priming. The main question addressed by this study was the evaluation of the experimental conditions under which TD schizophrenic patients are able to deploy cognitive strategies for semantic context processing. Methods. We studied semantic priming in two double lexical decision tasks (i.e., involving the explicit processing of the prime word) using a sequential presentation of words (stimulus o…