Search results for "Probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
Slope units-based flow susceptibility model: using validation tests to select controlling factors
2011
A susceptibility map for an area, which is representative in terms of both geologic setting and slope instability phenomena of large sectors of the Sicilian Apennines, was produced using slope units and a multiparametric univariate model. The study area, extending for approximately 90 km2, was partitioned into 774 slope units, whose expected landslide occurrence was estimated by averaging seven susceptibility values, determined for the selected controlling factors: lithology, mean slope gradient, stream power index at the foot, mean topographic wetness index and profile curvature, slope unit length, and altitude range. Each of the recognized 490 landslides was represented by its centroid po…
Long-term persistence, invariant time scales and on-off intermittency of fog events
2021
Abstract In this work we study different characteristics of fog long-term persistence, in events with different physical formation mechanisms. Specifically, we focus on the characterization of fog long-term persistence from observational data, by means of a Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) of its associated low-visibility time series. We analyze fog events with radiation and orographic underlying physical formation mechanisms, and identify a two-range pattern of long-term persistence. Our analysis leads to the emergence of a characteristic time, τ∗, at the crossover point between different scaling exponents in the DFA, independent of the time scale at which the fog event is studied. We …
Ultra-fast detection of the center frequency of a spectral line from amplitude-weighted average
2023
Spectroscopy methods often require calculating the central frequency of a resonance line, that is usually implemented by finding a best fit to the spectrum by a line-shape function. Such an iterative procedure is slow and requires an initial guess. We report an analytical method for calculating the central frequency of a spectral line by using the mean value of its frequencies, which are weighted by corresponding normalized intensities. We use this method to calculate two-dimensional arrays of central frequencies from parallely measured magnetic resonance spectra, which are optically detected by a camera sensor in a thin layer of NV centers with superparamagnetic hemozoin crystals on top of…
Students Mobility: Assessing the Determinants of Attractiveness Across Competing Territorial Areas
2016
A central question for education authorities has become ‘‘which factors make a territory attractive for tertiary students?’’ Tertiary education is recognised as one of the most important assets for the development of a territory, thus students’ mobility becomes a brain drain issue whenever there are prevalent areas that attract students from other territories. In this paper, we try to identify the most important factors that could affect student mobility in Italy. In doing that we analyse students’ flows across competing territorial areas which supply tertiary education programs. We will consider a wide range of determinants related to the socio-economic characteristics of the areas as well…
An NDC approach to helping pensioners cope with the cost of long-term care
2018
The aim of this paper is to analyse whether it would be possible to provide retirement and long-term care benefits using the same unfunded notional defined contribution scheme. We extend the multi-state overlapping generations model developed by Pla-Porcel et al. (2016) to include two new features: a long-term care benefit graded according to the annuitant's degree of disability and a minimum pension benefit for both contingencies. This brings the model closer to the reality of social insurance and enhances its political attractiveness. The paper contains a numerical example to show how the model functions and focuses especially on the mortality rates for dependent persons, the inception ra…
Design of measurement-based correlation models for shadow fading
2010
This paper deals with the design of measurement-based correlation models for shadow fading. Based on the correlation model, we design a simulation model using the sumof-sinusoids (SOS) method to enable the simulation of spatial lognormal processes characterizing real-world shadow fading scenarios. The model parameters of the simulation model are computed by applying the L p -norm method (LPNM). This method facilitates an excellent fitting of the simulation model's autocorrelation function (ACF) to that of measured channels. Our study includes an evaluation of all important statistical quantities of the proposed measurement-based simulation model, such as the probability density function (PD…
Angular analysis of charged and neutral B → Kμ + μ − decays
2014
The angular distributions of the rare decays B → K+µ+µ- and B0 → K0 <inf>a</inf>Sμ+μ- are studied with data corresponding to 3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, collected in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8TeV centre-of-mass energies with the LHCb detector. The angular distribution is described by two parameters, FH and the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system AFB, which are determined in bins of the dimuon mass squared. The parameter F<inf>H</inf> is a measure of the contribution from (pseudo)scalar and tensor amplitudes to the decay width. The measurements of A<inf>FB</inf> and F<inf>H</inf> reported here are the most precise to d…
Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals
2019
Abstract We analyze selected iterated conditionals in the framework of conditional random quantities. We point out that it is instructive to examine Lewis's triviality result, which shows the conditions a conditional must satisfy for its probability to be the conditional probability. In our approach, however, we avoid triviality because the import-export principle is invalid. We then analyze an example of reasoning under partial knowledge where, given a conditional if A then C as information, the probability of A should intuitively increase. We explain this intuition by making some implicit background information explicit. We consider several (generalized) iterated conditionals, which allow…
The characterization of the capability of a balance
1996
A survey is given on important standardized definitions by which the capability of balances may be characterized. Some modifications are proposed with regard to the use of mass sensors for the continuous determination of mass variations. An important supplement is the ‘relative resolution’ introduced by Jenemann. Optimum values are presented.
Digital image analysis technique for measuring railway track defects and ballast gradation
2018
Abstract In order to guarantee safety and driving comfort and to maintain an efficient railway infrastructure, the first step is to carefully monitor the track geometry and wear level of the materials constituting the superstructure. To that end diagnostic trains are widely used on main lines, in that they can detect several geometric track parameters and rail wear, but under no circumstances they can yet detect ballast gradation. Due to the practical implications for the planning of maintenance operations on the railway network, this article presents a “DIP” digital image processing technique for measuring the transverse profile and corrugations of the rails as well as ballast gradation. T…