Search results for "Problem Solving"
showing 10 items of 168 documents
Live Action Role Play and the Development of Teacher Competences: Evaluation of “Everyday Life in the Classroom”
2016
Building on Dörner’s (1996) theory of complex problem-solving, a learning scenario for teacher students was created and tested. Classroom management is interpreted as a complex problem, which requires the integration of competing interests and tackling multiple, simultaneous tasks under time pressure and with limited information. In addition, rising emotions are likely to impede thinking and the quality of decision-making. To prepare student teachers to understand and reflect the complex problem-solving challenges inherent in classroom management, we developed the live action role play “Everyday Life in the Classroom” which was embedded in a seminar structure to guide the development of ana…
Encoding numbers: behavioral evidence for processing-specific representations.
2006
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of a complex encoding of numbers according to which each numerical processing requires a specific representational format for input. In three experiments, adult participants were given two numbers presented successively on screen through a self-presentation procedure after being asked to add, to subtract, or to compare them. We considered the self-presentation time of the first number as reflecting the complexity of the encoding for a given planned processing. In line with Dehaene's triple-code model, self-presentation times were longer for additions and subtractions than for comparisons with two-digit numbers but longer for subtractions than…
A Similarity Evaluation Technique for Cooperative Problem Solving with a Group of Agents
1999
Evaluation of distance or similarity is very important in cooperative problem solving with a group of agents. Distance between problems is used by agents to recognize nearest solved problems for a new problem, distance between solutions is necessary to compare and evaluate the solutions made by different agents, and distance between agents is useful to evaluate weights of the agents to be able to integrate them by weighted voting. The goal of this paper is to develop a similarity evaluation technique to be used for cooperative problem solving with a group of agents. Virtual training environment used for this goal is represented by predicates that define relationships within three sets: prob…
Researching (Algebraic) Problem Solving from the Perspective of Local Theoretical Models
2010
Concepts such as Local Theoretical Model, Mathematical Sign System, logico-semiotic outline, analytical reading, and formal competence model, elaborated within long term research programs developed in Mexico and Spain, are presented. Empirical data from a study carried out in Spain with students of a teacher training school are analyzed using this theoretical framework. The cases analyzed show to which extent the logico-semiotic outline determines the arithmetic or algebraic nature of the entire problem solving process, even in the case of pupils which had been instructed in general problem solving heuristics, management and control, including the explicit training in changing the plan of s…
What should I do next? Using shared representations to solve interaction problems
2011
Studies on how “the social mind” works reveal that cognitive agents engaged in joint actions actively estimate and influence another’s cognitive variables and form shared representations with them. (How) do shared representations enhance coordination? In this paper, we provide a probabilistic model of joint action that emphasizes how shared representations help solving interaction problems. We focus on two aspects of the model. First, we discuss how shared representations permit to coordinate at the level of cognitive variables (beliefs, intentions, and actions) and determine a coherent unfolding of action execution and predictive processes in the brains of two agents. Second, we discuss th…
The emergence of a shared action ontology: building blocks for a theory.
2003
To have an ontology is to interpret a world. In this paper we argue that the brain, viewed as a representational system aimed at interpreting our world, possesses an ontology too. It creates primitives and makes existence assumptions. It decomposes target space in a way that exhibits a certain invariance, which in turn is functionally significant. We will investigate which are the functional regularities guiding this decomposition process, by answering to the following questions: What are the explicit and implicit assumptions about the structure of reality, which at the same time shape the causal profile of the brain's motor output and its representational deep structure, in particular of t…
What makes learning and understanding in virtual teams so difficult?
2004
The ideas presented in this article are especially challenged by critical questions raised by the other authors in this special issue. One of the core questions throughout the different studies is whether participants in distributed learning groups are able to successfully work on a common task and achieve a type of interaction that leads them to educationally relevant higher-level discussion and learning. This article discusses the central findings of these studies in light of the recent research on computer-supported collaborative learning. At the beginning of the article, typical problems and challenges related to learning in virtual teams are described. In the end of the discussion, som…
Negotiation in Type 2 Diabetes Counseling: From Problem Recognition to Mutual Acceptance During Lifestyle Counseling
2003
Negotiation, an essential communication activity in lifestyle counseling, has rarely been studied at the micro level of interaction. Furthermore, the evidence for interpersonal negotiation to occur in counseling practice is inconclusive. In this study, the authors describe how negotiation focused on lifestyle changes was produced in nurse-patient interaction. The research data, 73 videotaped diabetes counseling situations, were analyzed using conversation analysis. The process of negotiation consisted of recognizing the problems in the patients' health behavior, offering proposals as solutions to the problems, and reaching an agreement on them. Negotiation had characteristics similar to th…
Avances de investigación en educación matemática
2020
El fomento de la flexibilidad y adaptabilidad en resolución de problemas matemáticos favorece el desarrollo de la competencia matemática. En este estudio se describe y justifica el diseño de una secuencia de tareas de modelización que permite analizar la flexibilidad inter-tarea en los estudiantes. El objetivo central del estudio es analizar si los estudiantes son capaces de adaptar sus planes de resolución según aspectos relativos al contexto de la tarea, cambiando de estrategia de una tarea a otra, si estos aspectos varían. En el estudio han participado 110 estudiantes del grado de Maestro/a en Educación Primaria; los resultados permiten conocer en qué medida son flexibles los estudiantes…
Reasoning with paper and pencil: The role of inscriptions in student learning of geometric series
2009
The purpose of this article is to analyse how students use inscriptions as tools for thinking and learning in mathematical problem-solving activities. The empirical context is that of learning about geometric series in a small group setting. What has been analysed is how students made use of inscriptions, self-made as well as those provided by text books and teachers, and the role these inscriptions played in the coordination of students’ learning/communication. Through the use of inscriptions (made on the chalkboard and with paper and pencil), the students externalised their thinking while engaging in mathematical reasoning on the topic of geometric series. The inscriptions were significan…