Search results for "Process Engineering"
showing 10 items of 931 documents
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: Current and emerging issues
2009
Hallquist, M. Wenger, J. C. Baltensperger, U. Rudich, Y. Simpson, D. Claeys, M. Dommen, J. Donahue, N. M. George, C. Goldstein, A. H. Hamilton, J. F. Herrmann, H. Hoffmann, T. Iinuma, Y. Jang, M. Jenkin, M. E. Jimenez, J. L. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Maenhaut, W. McFiggans, G. Mentel, Th. F. Monod, A. Prevot, A. S. H. Seinfeld, J. H. Surratt, J. D. Szmigielski, R. Wildt, J.; Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated wit…
Salt release monitoring with specific sensors in "in vitro" oral and digestive environments from soft cheeses
2012
International audience; The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of the measurement of NaCl concentrations in soft cheeses and in particular an in vitro digestion process by the use of chemical sensors. The analyzed matrices were the commercial Italian mozzarella cheeses and domestic cheese base models. The classification of mozzarellas was performed according to their salinity, while the breakdown of cheese base models has been followed both at initial steps of digestion in artificial mouth dispositive mimicking the oral sphere and in a gut-imitating digester (TIM-1). During the breakdown of soft cheese in the digester, the estimated values for N…
A hierarchical model for novel schemes of electrodialysis desalination
2019
Abstract A new hierarchical model for the electrodialysis (ED) process is presented. The model has been implemented into gPROMs Modelbuilder (PSE), allowing the development of a distributed-parameters simulation tool that combines the effectiveness of a semi-empirical modelling approach to the flexibility of a layered arrangement of modelling scales. Thanks to its structure, the tool makes possible the simulation of many different and complex layouts, requiring only membrane properties as input parameters (e.g. membrane resistance or salt and water permeability). The model has been validated against original experimental data obtained from a lab scale ED test rig. Simulation results concern…
A simple methodology for comparing cost-benefit of traditional, green and cool roofs
2019
Energy policy makers, architects and researchers, when designing new buildings or rehabilitating the existing ones, are engaged in the attempt of limiting the energy needs for climatization (NZEB buildings) and the environmental pressure exerted by buildings (EU Climate Action). The pursuit of this demanding assignment calls for innovative solutions in conceiving the building envelope and its energy systems. Recently, among the most effective tools for improving the energy and environmental performances of buildings, the technical interventions regarding the roofs are gaining a rising attention. Indeed, covers of buildings are responsible of a relevant part of their energy losses and, on th…
Thermal energy storage in granular deposits
2017
Energy storage technology is crucial for the development of the use of renewable energy sources. This is a substantial constraint, however it can, to some extent, be solved by storing energy in its various forms: electrical, mechanical, chemical and thermal. This article presents the results of research in thermal properties of granular deposits. Correlation between temperature changes in the stores over a period of time and their physical properties has been studied. The results of the research have practical application in designing thermal stores based on bulk materials and ground deposits. Furthermore, the research results are significant for regeneration of the lower ground sources for…
Numerical Investigation of a Wood-Chip Downdraft Gasifier
2019
Biomass gasification is regarded as one of the most promising technology in the renewable energy field. The outcome of such operation, i.e. the synfuel, can be exploited in several ways, for example powering engines and turbines, and is considered more flexible than the biomass itself. For this reason, a careful analysis of the gasification performance is of paramount importance for the optimization of the process. One of the techniques that can be used for such a purpose, is the numerical analysis. CFD is indeed a tool that can be of great help in the design and study of the operation of the gasifier, allowing for an accurate prediction of the operating parameters. In this work, a downdraf…
The possibilities of energy storage in bulk materials
2018
The increased demand for energy from renewable sources entails the development of storage systems. The purpose of these systems is to supply energy on demand during periods which may not be concurrent with the time of the most efficient production of this energy. Various systems are being developed for storing energy in various forms and over various lengths of time.This paper presents selected projects and the results of studies into thermal energy storage. The results of the present author's own research into the transport of thermal energy in granular beds are also presented. The curves of temperature distribution have been determined; they are essential for the design of the thermal sto…
Identification of lipid accumulation in lacrimal gland from NOD mice
2008
International audience; Purpose: : The NOD mouse is an established animal model of the human disease, Sjögren’s syndrome. The lacrimal gland of male NOD mouse becomes significantly infiltrated with inflammatory cells by 12 weeks of age. Dacryadenitis is associated with massive lipid deposition in the lacrimal acinar cells, a process which starts by 6 weeks of age and is accompanied by onset of inflammatory infiltrates. The aim of this study was to identify the lipids that accumulate in lacrimal glands from NOD mice. Methods: : Lacrimal glands were excised from 12-week-old male NOD (n = 8) and BALB/c mice (n = 10). Lipids were extracted and lipid class distribution examined. Then the lipid c…
Toxicity of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Conjunctival Cell Line
2007
International audience; Purpose:: Tear film lipid composition is modified in patients suffering from chronic blepharitis. We previously found that branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly increased in tears of these patients, suggesting that BCFA may be involved in the disease. The toxicity of different BCFA as potent inducers of apoptosis has already been established in various cell lines but not in the conjunctiva. The aim of this work was to assess the toxic effects of BCFA in cultures of Chang conjunctival cells. Methods:: Chang’s human conjunctival cells were cultured during 4 or 24h with various concentrations of IsoC16 and IsoC20 as BCFA (from 50 to 200µM), by comparison …
Anti-inflammatory effects of GLA and EPA on a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model
2007
International audience; Purpose:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of dietary γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model. Methods:: Female Lewis rats were fed with 5%-lipid diets containing 10% of either GLA or EPA. After two months of feeding, we induced dry eye syndrome using scopolamine continuously delivered via osmotic pumps for 2, 10 and 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, we performed fluorescein staining on the cornea. We sacrificed the animals and excised the ocular tissues and the exorbital lacrimal glands. We immunostained MHCII and mucin MUC5AC on ocular sphere cryosectio…