Search results for "Profit"
showing 10 items of 406 documents
On How Firms Located in an Industrial District Profit from Knowledge Spillovers: Adoption of an Organic Structure and Innovation Capabilities
2011
The canonical approach argues that firms located in industrial districts enjoy advantages for both innovation and performance as a consequence of the exceptionally strong knowledge spillovers that flow freely and spontaneously within them. However, diffusion of shared competences is not as easy and free as postulated in the literature. Using the resource-based view, we study whether clustered firms perform better than non-clustered firms, by providing empirical evidence that location of firms in an industrial district does not directly create innovation capabilities or economic rents. This research question is important because it enables us to better understand how firms benefit from this …
Sustainable Development and Assurance of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports Published by Ibex-35 Companies
2012
Spain is the world's leading country as regards corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting (KPMG, 2011). In addition, Spain is taking new initiatives with regard to environmental policy, sustainable development, and stakeholder engagement in accordance with Law 2/2011.This is why we choose Spain as the setting to analyze whether the determinants for external assurance posited by existing literature (industry, size, profitability, leverage) have an impact on the decision of companies to assure their CSR reports. Our study is a pioneer in the sense that it investigates the possible links between the auditor of the annual report and the provider of assurance. The results of this study ind…
PRICE AS AN INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION TOOL IN PROMOTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS
2018
There are favourable conditions for the development of sustainable marketing in Latvia. In order to take advantage of this, businesses need to conduct market research on the need and demand for sustainable products and draw up a marketing strategy encompassing all the marketing mix elements serving the People, Planet, and Profit. Businesses need to create a well-thought approach, a sustainable product assortment and promotion and selling activities in line with sustainability conditions. The consumers of nowadays are very sensitive to any price changes, and businesses may use price changes as an IMC (integrated marketing communication) tool in communication with their consumers to help not …
An innovative model for a sustainability report in no-profit organizations
2016
After a review of the literature, the research aims to build a sustainability report for NPOs through a set of economic, environmental and social indicators based on best international practice. Then the report will be applied to a voluntary service centre (CSV) which, in terms of function and organisation, over a wide range, contains all the social and economic environmental variables to be monitored in any NPOs. The findings appear to suggest an innovative model of sustainability report for NPOs with a significant set of indicators that offer a new disclosure of the activity carried on by the organisation. The work is tested only on a limited number of NPOs which can be extended in the fu…
The methodology of the statement of comprehensive income and its impact on profitability: the case of Latvia
2018
International audience; The financial statements of a company are used by external users as the main source of information in order to take financially informed decisions. The author of the article has summarized the study on one of the financial statements-a statement of comprehensive income (CI statement) that enables creditors and investors to assess the process of the formation of company's profit and profitability. Purpose: on the basis of the study of the specificity of the preparation of the statement of comprehensive income to analyze and evaluate the influence of CI statement items on the profitability of Latvian companies. In order to achieve the purpose, the author has structured…
Traducción y recepción: Rosalía de Castro en Italia
2020
El panorama de la recepción italiana contemporánea de los poetas españoles del siglo XIX, a través de las traducciones, no resulta especialmente satisfactorio, puesto que hay que esperar el siglo siguiente para encontrar los primeros estudios monográficos y ediciones de textos en traducción, aunque en forma antológica. Ello, no obstante, así como en el resto de Europa, el corpus de las publicaciones periódicas de las revistas ofrece un canal editorial muy proficuo para la recepción de textos literarios extranjeros. Este trabajo se centra en la presencia de la obra de Rosalía de Castro en la prensa italiana contemporánea. Al mismo tiempo, se ha intentado completar el estudio de la recepción …
The Relevance of Bargaining for the Licensing of a Cost-reducing Innovation*
2001
In the context of a Cournot duopoly, this paper studies the licensing of a cost-reducing innovation by means of three possible allocation mechanisms: auction, fixed fee, and direct negotiation. Once the use of an arbitrary reserve price (which is not credible) has been excluded, it is no longer true that auction always yields higher profit to the patentee than a fixed fee. However, the authors propose a direct negotiation mechanism which restores the patentee’s profit to the level of an auction with an arbitrary reserve price (which is unimplementable). Direct negotiation is superior to both an auction with a nonarbitrary reserve price and a fixed fee. From the social point of view, however…
MIXED OLIGOPOLY, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND COMPETITION FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES*
2006
This paper explores frequency and pricing decisions in a horizontally and vertically differentiated duopoly when there is competition between means of transport and where one of the firms need not necessarily maximize profits. The private and the mixed duopoly are compared and distortions from the social optimum are identified, both analytically and numerically. A mixed duopoly does not recover the socially optimal solution. However, the presence of a (public) non-profit maximizing operator is a useful measure to get closer to the social optimum. When both operators are (private) profit maximizers, some control measures such as price caps and minimum service availability would reduce the di…
Profit Margin Ratio, Markup, Profit Margin Per Unit, Economic Profit, and Profitability as Objectives for the Firm: An Economic Point-of-View
2015
We study five operational objectives for the firm: three marketing objectives (maximizing profit-margin ratio, maximizing markup, and maximizing profit-margin-per-unit), and two financial objective (maximizing economic profit (i.e., EVA) and maximizing profitability), as alternatives to the scholarly objective of maximizing profit. We prove that (i) Sales are lowest for profit-margin-per-unit, intermediate for profit-margin ratio and markup, and highest for profit maximization. Input consumption, including labor, is lower. Prices are in the reverse order. In terms of profit, profit-margin ratio, markup, and profit-margin-per-unit are necessarily less efficient than the classical profit maxi…
Retail pricing decisions and product category competitive structure
2010
This study addresses the use of demand forecasting techniques by retailers to support their decision making. Specifically, the authors propose a pricing decision support model for retailers to estimate optimal prices, whose output depends on the configuration of a supporting measurement model. The measurement model is a demand function that relates sales and prices within the category; optimal prices are those whose effects on demand and retail margins maximize the category's profitability. This investigation focuses particularly on the role of competitive structure, such that the authors consider two types of price competition asymmetries for demand forecasting: those depending on the bran…