Search results for "Propellant"

Energy dependence of the transverse momentum distributions of charged particles in pp collisions measured by ALICE

2013

Differential cross sections of charged particles in inelastic pp collisions as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ have been measured at $\sqrt{s}=$ 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV at the LHC. The $p_{\rm T}$ spectra are compared to NLO-pQCD calculations. Though the differential cross section for an individual $\sqrt{s}$ cannot be described by NLO-pQCD, the relative increase of cross section with $\sqrt{s}$ is in agreement with NLO-pQCD. Based on these measurements and observations, procedures are discussed to construct pp reference spectra at $\sqrt{s} =$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV up to $p_{\rm T}$ = 50 GeV/$c$ as required for the calculation of the nuclear modification factor in nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus coll…

Beclomethasone dipropionate hydrofluoroalkane for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

2016

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common respiratory disease, and its prevalence is increasing all over the world, both in adults and in children. Patients experience symptoms that may negatively impact on physical, social and psychological well-being. Hence, if left untreated, allergic rhinitis may significantly affect quality of life. Under current guidelines, intranasal corticosteroids are considered the most effective drugs and they are recommended as first-line therapy. Among the several corticosteroid intranasal sprays available, beclomethasone dipropionate is one of the most prescribed. Recently, new intranasal hydrofluoroalkane-propelled formulations with little or no impact on the ozone …

News on collectivity in Pb-Pb collisions from the ALICE experiment

2017

The collective expansion of the color-deconfined fireball created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions maps the initial state of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the final-state particle spectrum. The ALICE experiment has been leading important roles for completing the individual flow harmonic measurements at the highest energies to date as well as improving flow harmonic correlation techniques to understand the properties of the QGP and the full evolution of the heavy-ion collisions. In this article, a brief summary of the individual flow harmonic measurements, the details of the new observables developed in recent years from ALICE collaboration and their implications to future studie…

Readout system of the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger

2020

Upgrade of ALICE forward detectors

2019

ALICE will upgrade its subsystems in 2019−2020 to fully benefit from the increased collision rate and luminosity of the LHC at CERN. Two new forward detectors will be installed at the core of ALICE: the Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) and the Muon Forward Tracker (MFT). Additionally, during the shutdown between Run 3 and Run 4, there will be an opportunity to install the Forward Calorimeter (FoCal). This paper describes these new forward detectors, their physics justification and goals, selected design features along with performance of detector prototypes and simulated performance figures. peerReviewed

A DERIVATION OF THE VLASOV-NAVIER-STOKES MODEL FOR AEROSOL FLOWS FROM KINETIC THEORY

2016

This article proposes a derivation of the Vlasov-Navier-Stokes system for spray/aerosol flows. The distribution function of the dispersed phase is governed by a Vlasov-equation, while the velocity field of the propellant satisfies the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids. The dynamics of the dispersed phase and of the propellant are coupled through the drag force exerted by the propellant on the dispersed phase. We present a formal derivation of this model from a multiphase Boltzmann system for a binary gaseous mixture, involving the droplets/dust particles in the dispersed phase as one species, and the gas molecules as the other species. Under suitable assumptions on the colli…

Clinical comparability between the CFC and HFA budesonide pressurised metered-dose inhalers in paediatric patients with asthma: a randomised controll…

2006

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation of budesonide (Pulmicort) versus the conventional chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) pMDI formulation in paediatric patients with asthma.This was a Phase III, multicentre, 12-week, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study involving children (6-12 years of age) with mild to moderate asthma. Patients received either budesonide HFA pMDI or budesonide CFC pMDI 200 mug twice daily, with or without a spacer (NebuChamber/Nebunette). Primary efficacy endpoint: mean percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) from baseline to week 12. Secondary efficacy …

The methane Raman spectrum from 1200 to 5500 cm(-1): A first step toward temperature diagnostic using methane as a probe molecule in combustion syste…

2005

International audience; We present a study of the spontaneous Raman spectra of (CH4)-C-12 from 1200 to 5500 cm(-1) at various temperatures. This study is of interest from a fundamental as well as from a practical point of view with regards to the temperature diagnostic in hydrocarbon combustion. The present investigation shows that the spontaneous (CH4)-C-12 Raman spectra are very sensitive to temperature and that the complexity of methane spectra is not an obstacle to use methane as a probe molecule in laser-diagnostic techniques. Our study consists in determining the polarisability parameters of methane (CH4)-C-12, unknown at the present time, from spontaneous Raman spectra recorded at pr…

Optical Sensor for Real-Time Detection of Trichlorofluoromethane

2019

Trichlorofluoromethane was once a promising and versatile applicable chlorofluorocarbon. Unaware of its ozone-depleting character, for a long time it was globally applied as propellant and refrigerant and thus led to significant thinning of the ozone layer and contributed to the formation of the so-called ozone hole. Although production and application of this substance were gradually reduced at an early stage, we still face the consequences of its former careless use. Today, trichlorofluoromethane is released during recycling processes of waste cooling devices, traded on the black market, and according to recent findings still illegally manufactured. Here, we present an optical sensor devi…

Prompt Photon Identification in the ALICE Experiment: The Isolation Cut Method

2007

Submitted for publication in NIM; The ALICE experiment at LHC will detect and identify prompt photons and light neutral mesons with the PHOS and EMCal detectors. Charged particles will be detected and identified by the central tracking system. In this paper, a method to identify prompt photons and to separate them from the background of hadrons and decay photons in PHOS with the help of isolation cuts is presented.