Search results for "Property (R)"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
The role of IPR arrangements in the crowdsourcing for innovation contest: an empirical investigation of the Innocentive challenges
2017
In this study, we identify three different Intellectual Property Right arrangements- strong IPR (acquiring an IP), weak IPR (licensing agreement) and flexible IPR. Integrating Property Rights Theory and the open innovation literature, we propose that specific challenge attributes affect the seekers organizations’ choice between alternative IPR arrangements and how this choice, in turn, affects the self-selection of external solvers into solving the problem. We collected multi-source, interview data with open innovation directors and a unique data set of 819 closed and awarded challenges broadcasted on InnoCentive platform from 2010 to 2016. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature…
Triggering Open Innovation Processes Through Organizational Emotional Capability and Rival's Absorptive Capacity Orientation
2022
In this article, we analyze the direct effects of the open innovation (OI) processes of acquisition and exploitation on innovation performance (IP), as well as the effects of two antecedents of OI: organizational emotional capability (EC) and rivaĺs absorptive capacity orientation (RACO). RACO implies processing external information in an analytical manner, whereas an intuitive approach is implicit in EC. The research model is tested in a sample of medium-low-technology Colombian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using structural equations by the consistent partial least squares method. Our results provide evidence on a significant effect of the OI acquisition process on IP, as well…
Kelembagaan Masyarakat dan Struktur Agraria serta Keberlanjutan Sumberdaya Alam di Kawasan Capa
2018
Aim of the research as follows: (1) inquisitive about variation of laws in regulating agrarian resources use, (2) function of traditional law in regulation at used of natural resources and related with existence on natural preservation-in formal law, and (3) inquiring influence outsider intervention to local institutions with the agrarian structure and relationship between expectation agrarian conflict. The unity of the study is Arfak community-as much as local community- was that administrative limited seatle in certain locations around natural preservation area of the Arfak Mountain. The trategy of the research is case study, while analysis of the data with qualitative manner. Result of t…
On the Returns to Invention within Firms: Evidence from Finland
2018
International audience; In this paper we merge individual income data, firm-level data, patenting data, and IQ data in Finland over the period 1988–2012 to analyze the returns to invention for inventors and their coworkers or stakeholders within the same firm. We find that: (i) inventors collect only 8 percent of the total private return from invention; (ii) entrepreneurs get over 44 percent of the total gains; (iii) bluecollar workers get about 26 percent of the gains and the rest goes to white-collar workers. Moreover, entrepreneurs start with significant negative returns prior to the patent application, but their returns subsequently become highly positive.
Knowledge as a fictitious commodity: a Polanyian reading of the 'digital economy'
2020
Since the 2008 financial crisis, the attempts to use Karl Polanyi's framework to make sense of current developments have multiplied, producing a noticeable and lively debate. This debate centres on the notion of double movement put forward by the Hungarian thinker in his masterpiece – The Great Transformation. The paper is a contribution to this debate. The first part addresses a series of questions that make the interpretations of the double movement advanced so far not very compelling. To this end, a close reading of Polanyi's text, with the aim of dismantling and rearticulating its analytical structure, is carried out. The upshot is a dynamic and multistage picture of the double process …
Polanyi's double movement and the making of the ‘knowledge economy'
2019
In this chapter, we want to re-evaluate the heuristic role of Polanyi’s double movement by suggesting an alternative reading that could answer several criticisms that have been levelled against it. Moreover, we believe that this reading can give us greater insight into both the nature of the current crisis and its failure to unravel the neoliberal consensus.1 According to our reading, since the Speenhamland measures introduced in 1795 in Britain, faulty welfarist solutions have had the ability to undermine the political force of countermovements calling for protective measures while helping pro-market coalitions to periodically regenerate themselves. For us, this means that the future resol…
Xyloglucan-based hydrogel films for wound dressing: Structure-property relationships
2017
Thin xyloglucan-based hydrogel films have been synthetized and characterized in the prospect of producing wound dressings. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol (Gro) were added to have an optimal combination of softness, conformability and resilience. Physical hydrogels have been transformed into permanent covalent hydrogels by reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA). Network structure-process-property relationships are discussed on the account of the results of several complementary characterizations: FTIR, rheology, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, moisture retention and swelling measurements. Selected formulations were also subjected to preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity tests. The phy…
Endocytotic uptake of HPMA-based polymers by different cancer cells: impact of extracellular acidosis and hypoxia.
2017
Daniel Gündel,1 Mareli Allmeroth,2 Sarah Reime,1 Rudolf Zentel,2 Oliver Thews1 1Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 2Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Background: Polymeric nanoparticles allow to selectively transport chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor tissue. These nanocarriers have to be taken up into the cells to release the drug. In addition, tumors often show pathological metabolic characteristics (hypoxia and acidosis) which might affect the polymer endocytosis.Materials and methods: Six different N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based polymer structures (homopolymer as well as…
Morphology, interfacial interaction, and thermal degradation of polycarbonate/MCM-41 (nano)composites
2017
ABSTRACTThis article reports on the morphology, interfacial interaction, thermal stability, and thermal degradation kinetics of polycarbonate (PC)/mesoporous silica (MCM-41) composites with various MCM-41 contents, prepared by melt compounding. The composites with low filler loadings (<0.3 wt%) maintained their transparency because of the well dispersed MCM-41 particles, but at higher filler loadings the composites lost their transparency due to the presence of agglomerates. The presence of agglomerates decreased the thermal stability of PC due to the reduced effectiveness of the particles to immobilize the polymer chains, free radicals, and volatile degradation products.
Predicting Skin Permeability by Means of Computational Approaches: Reliability and Caveats in Pharmaceutical Studies
2019
The skin is the main barrier between the internal body environment and the external one. The characteristics of this barrier and its properties are able to modify and affect drug delivery and chemical toxicity parameters. Therefore, it is not surprising that permeability of many different compounds has been measured through several in vitro and in vivo techniques. Moreover, many different in silico approaches have been used to identify the correlation between the structure of the permeants and their permeability, to reproduce the skin behavior, and to predict the ability of specific chemicals to permeate this barrier. A significant number of issues, like interlaboratory variability, experim…