Search results for "Prosencephalon"
showing 5 items of 25 documents
Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles
2021
During embryogenesis, optic vesicles develop from the diencephalon via a multistep process of organogenesis. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human brain organoids, we attempted to simplify the complexities and demonstrate formation of forebrain-associated bilateral optic vesicles, cellular diversity, and functionality. Around day 30, brain organoids attempt to assemble optic vesicles, which develop progressively as visible structures within 60 days. These optic vesicle-containing brain organoids (OVB-organoids) constitute a developing optic vesicle's cellular components, including primitive corneal epithelial and lens-like cells, retinal pigment epithelia, retinal progeni…
Rapid, reproducible transduction of select forebrain regions by targeted recombinant virus injection into the neonatal mouse brain
2009
Viral vectors can mediate long-term gene expression in different regions of the brain. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and Lenti virus (LV) have both gained prominence due to their ability to achieve specific transduction of various neuronal populations. Whilst widespread gene delivery has been obtained by targeted injection of rAAV in various brain structures, LV has also been utilized for infection of stem cell populations for cell lineage tracing. Both viral vector systems are most commonly used for gene delivery in mature brains, but the great potential of somatic gene delivery into the neonate brain has not been systematically exploited. Here we provide a systematic guideline…
CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance
2010
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a critical role in obesity development. The pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1)) has been shown to reduce body weight and to alleviate obesity-related metabolic disorders. An unsolved question is at which anatomical level CB(1) modulates energy balance and the mechanisms involved in its action. Here, we demonstrate that CB(1) receptors expressed in forebrain and sympathetic neurons play a key role in the pathophysiological development of diet-induced obesity. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB(1) expression in neurons known to control energy balance, but not in nonneuronal peripheral organs, displayed a lean phenotype and res…
The Forebrain of the Blind Cave Fish <i>Astyanax hubbsi </i>(Characidae)
1997
This paper presents a survey of the cell groups in the telencephalon of the teleost Astyanax hubbsi, based on series of transverse sections stained with the Nissl-Kluver-Barrera and Bodian procedures. The work was conducted for two reasons. Firstly, it was intended to determine the contribution of the forebrain of blind cave fish to certain forms of behavior. An understanding of the anatomy of the telencephalic organization is essential for such a neuroethological approach. The second purpose was to provide the cytoarchitectural basis for the experimental analysis of the fiber connectivity of the telencephalon of A. hubbsi. Furthermore, information about the forebrain of characids is widely…
Cerebral protection against ischemia by locomotor activity in gerbils. Underlying mechanisms.
1995
Background and Purpose A previous communication of this laboratory demonstrated reduced mortality and neuronal damage by spontaneous locomotor activity preceding forebrain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. The present experiments seek to elucidate potential mechanisms of protection by measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral tissue conductance as an indicator of ischemic cell swelling, and the cerebral release of eicosanoids. Methods Gerbils were maintained either in conventional cages (nonrunners) or with free access to running wheels (runners) for 2 weeks preceding 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. During ischemia and 2.5 hours of reperfusion, cerebral tissue conductance was determined …