Search results for "Protection"
showing 10 items of 1623 documents
Double Face of eHsp70 in Front of Different Situations
2018
The Hsp70 family is one of the best conserved and abundant member of the heat shock proteins (HSP). This family includes several members and in particular one constitutively expressed member (Hsc70) and another one inducibly expressed under several stress conditions (Hsp70). To date, the intracellular functions of Hsp70 are well defined, and increasing evidences establish its roles in the extracellular environment, such as cytoprotection and immunomodulation. Increasing evidences suggest that several cell types are able to release Hsp70 in the extracellular environment, both under physiological and stress conditions. At the same time many release mechanisms have been identified. This chapte…
Essential oil of Citrus lumia Risso: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties and activity on the central nervous system
2018
Citrus lumia Risso Essential oil Antioxidant properties Anti-cholinesterase activity Cytotoxicity Neuroactive effects 1. Introduction Plants that produce essential oils (EOs) represent a large part of natural flora and an important resource in various fields such as pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, due to their flavor, fra- grance and biological activity (Swamy et al., 2016). EOs play a pivotal role in the growth and colonization of plants, giving color and scent to reproductive organs, attracting pollinators, favoring seed dispersion (Sharifi-Rad et al., 2017), and defending the plant against abiotic (light, temperature, etc.) and biotics (herbivores, harmful insects and pa- t…
Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System
2017
The central nervous system (CNS) and its meningeal coverings accommodate a diverse myeloid compartment that includes parenchymal microglia and perivascular macrophages, as well as choroid plexus and meningeal macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. These myeloid populations enjoy an intimate relationship with the CNS, where they play an essential role in both health and disease. Although the importance of these cells is clearly recognized, their exact function in the CNS continues to be explored. Here, we review the subsets of myeloid cells that inhabit the parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus and discuss their roles in CNS homeostasis. We also discuss the role of these cells in…
Molecular mechanisms linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
2013
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and one of the leading causes of neurological deficits and disability in young adults in western countries. Current medical treatment mainly influences disease progression via immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive actions. Indeed, MS research has been foremost focused on inflammation in the CNS, but more recent evidence suggests that chronic disability in MS is caused by neurodegeneration. Imaging studies show an early involvement of neurodegeneration as brain atrophy and gray matter lesions can be observed at disease onset. Thus, neuroprotective treatment strategies and the eluc…
Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?
2010
In designing the anaesthetic plan for patients undergoing surgery, the choice of anaesthetic agent may often appear irrelevant and the best results obtained by the use of a technique or a drug with which the anaesthesia care provider is familiar. Nevertheless, in those surgical procedures (cardiopulmonary bypass, carotid surgery and cerebral aneurysm surgery) and clinical situations (subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, brain trauma and postcardiac arrest resuscitation) where protecting the CNS is a priority, the choice of anaesthetic drug assumes a fundamental role. Treating patients with a neuroprotective agent may be a consideration in improving overall neurological outcome. Therefore, a cl…
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Neuronal Apoptosis in Neonatal Mouse Cerebral Cortex
2007
A massive neuronal loss during early postnatal development has been well documented in the murine cerebral cortex, but the factors that drive cells into apoptosis are largely unknown. The role of neuronal activity in developmental apoptosis was studied in organotypic neocortical slice cultures of newborn mice. Multielectrode array and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed spontaneous network activity characterized by synchronized burst discharges, which could be blocked by tetrodotoxin and ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. The identical neuropharmacological manipulations also caused a significant increase in the number of apoptotic neurons as early as 6 h after the start of dr…
Woodland key habitats in northern Europe: concepts, inventory and protection
2010
Abstract The woodland key habitat (WKH) concept has become an essential instrument in biodiversity-orientated forest management in northern Europe. The philosophy behind the concept is basically the same in all of the countries: to conserve the biodiversity of production landscapes by preserving small habitat patches that are supposed to be particularly valuable. This article reviews the definitions, inventories and implementation processes of WKHs in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. Sweden and the Baltic countries have similar WKH models, while the models in Finland and Norway are clearly deviating. Depending on the country, the definitions emphasize different factor…
Stabilizing Lead Cathodes with Diammonium Salt Additives in the Deoxygenation of Aromatic Amides
2014
Lead is efficiently protected against cathodic corrosion by the addition of diammonium salts in the electrolyte. The cationic coating of the cathode allows the efficient electroreduction of benzamides to benzylamines. The electrochemical deoxygenation of the amide is achieved without the use of oxophilic agents or sacrificial anodes. The surface of the lead cathode stays smooth and the cathode can be reused for multiple runs, providing <2.5 ppm of the crude product. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal a shift in the onset potential of the hydrogen evolution reaction by −157 mV.
Hot electron injection into aqueous electrolyte solution from thin insulating film-coated electrodes
1998
Hot electron injection into aqueous electrolyte solution was studied with electrochemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. Both methods provide further indirect support for the previously proposed hot electron emission mechanisms from thin insulating film-coated electrodes to aqueous electrolyte solution. The results do not rule out the possibility of hydrated electron being as a cathodic intermediate in the reduction reactions at cathodically pulse-polarized thin insulating film-coated electrodes. However, no direct evidence for electrochemical generation of hydrated electrons could be obtained with EPR, only spin-trapping experiments could give information about…
The Legal Instruments Of Protection Of The Environment In A Spa Commune On Poland
2019
Abstract: The author has undertaken to classify the legal instruments of environmental protection of in a health resort municipality (a spa commune) in Poland, regarding the aspect of their impacting the state of protection of natural environment. A spa commune has at its disposal a catalogue of its own tasks, which is complemented by those connected with maintaining medicinal functions of the spa and with meeting the requirements of the environment. The analysis of the content of regulations of law on environmental protection allows concluding that in relation to spas there are no – in principle – separate legal norms which regulate questions connected with protection of environment. While…