Search results for "Protection"
showing 10 items of 1623 documents
Competitiveness of short sea shipping: the case of olive oil industry
2016
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic benefits of short sea shipping (SSS) in the shape of Motorways of the Sea (MoS) compared to road transport. The study cover a gap in agro-food economics and analyses the economic benefits of sea transport mode compared to road transport in the food trade between Spain and Italy for a specific product: olive oils. Design/methodology/approach – Three different transportation scenarios are considered (road only, road combined with accompanied SSS and road combined with unaccompanied SSS) linking the main olive oil production and consumption areas in Spain and Italy. In each scenario the cost per unit shipped have been calculated. …
Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in the Baltic States: A structural decomposition analysis
2014
Since the mid-1990s three Baltic States have significantly increased their per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and at the same time have managed to keep the CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions low. We used structural decomposition analysis to identify the drivers of change for CO2e emissions in these countries between 1995 and 2009, a period that includes the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructuring and economic growth and the great recession. The results show that final demand has been the main driving force for increasing emissions in the Baltic States and would have caused an 80%, 64% and 143% emission increase in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, respectively, all other factors kept con…
Household carbon footprints in the Baltic States: A global multi-regional input–output analysis from 1995 to 2011
2017
The paper analyzes consumption related household CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions for the three Baltic States – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1995 to 2011. The analysis is based on a multi-regional input–output model, which allows us to estimate life-cycle emissions for all major household consumption items. Results demonstrate that household carbon footprints in all the Baltic States significantly increased by 47% in Estonia, 20% in Latvia and 52% in Lithuania during the study period. In 2011 in Estonia expenditures for housing and utility contributed the highest per capita life-cycle emissions – 43%. However, in Lithuania housing accounted only for 16% of per capita emissions, but foo…
A Case-Study of Green Roof Monitoring: The Building of Council for Agricultural Research and Economics in Bagheria, (Italy)
2018
The energy saving in building goes on as an important challenge in the policy of Developed Countries. While the issue of energy building efficiency in heating season has deeply been investigated for a long time, the issue of energy building efficiency in cooling season is relatively recent. Moreover, considering the increase of electric consumption for air-conditioning in summer, mainly due to the growing quality of life, the research of technologies for reducing energy building consumption during this season becomes essential. The green roof represents a technology useful to reduce the energy consumption during the cooling season. In this work the authors report the results of a monitoring…
Meeting the environmental challenge of port growth: A critical appraisal of the contingent valuation method and an application to Valencia Port, Spain
2012
In order to support effective policy-making, this research is aimed to emphasise the need of measuring the negative impact - or external costs - resulting from port growth. Considering the non-market nature of these external costs, a critical appraisal of the Contingent Valuation method is made paying special attention to the problem of hypothetical bias and the suitability of a willingness to accept (WTA) scenario for damage assessment. Finally, the results of a case study, conducted in Valencia (Spain), are presented with the intention of paving the way for future research in this specific context of port growth and negative externalities. In particular, results indicate that the average …
Oneri di sbilanciamento (diritto dell'energia)
2018
The article aims to explore to what extent consumers protection, as principle constitutionally guaranteed by art.38 of EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, should affect the rules governing the electricity dispatching service and the balancing system. On a market such as the electricity market, where demand is inflexible and the product concerned cannot be stored, electricity dispatching service is designed to ensure that, within the national transmission system, the supply of electricity matches demand, thereby guaranteeing security and continuity in the energy supply. Transparent market-based mechanisms for the supply and purchase of electricity needs to be combined with balancing measures…
Biodegradation of Synthetic Organic Compounds by Methanogenic Microbiome as an Alternative Approach for Wastewater Purification and Energy Production
2022
The use of fossil fuels (methane, oil, etc.) is undergoing an unprecedented crisis now. There is the urgent need to search for alternative energy sources. A wide range of degraded organic materials can be effectively used to provide energy together with environmental protection. Soapstock is a hazardous waste containing a high concentration of toxic organic compounds of man-made origin (fatty acids, surfactants, dyes, etc.). To prevent environmental contamination such substances require an effective treatment approach. The goal of the study was to isolate the adapted-to-fatty-acids methanogenic microbiome and investigate the patterns of sodium acetate and soapstock degradation with simultan…
PLC security and critical infrastructure protection
2013
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the most important components embedded in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). ICSs have achieved highest standards in terms of efficiency and performance. As a result of that, higher portion of infrastructure in industries has been automated for the comfort of human beings. Therefore, protection of such systems is crucial. It is important to investigate the vulnerabilities of ICSs in order to solve the threats and attacks against critical infrastructure to protect human lives and assets. PLC is the basic building block of an ICS. If PLCs are exploited, overall system will be exposed to the threat. Many believed that PLCs are secured devices due to it…
El traslado ilícito de menores en la Unión Europea: retorno vs violencia familiar o doméstica = International child abduction in the European Union: …
2018
Resumen: Cada vez resulta mas habitual la concurrencia de violencia domestica o familiar en los supuestos de sustraccion internacional de menores, en los que la retencion o el traslado ilicito del menor se utiliza como una via de alejamiento. El sistema de retorno inmediato del menor del Convenio de la Haya de 1980 preve esta circunstancia bajo la excepcion de grave riesgo del articulo 13.1.b), en un marco regulador poliedrico, que se completa con el Reglamento 2201/2003, Bruselas II bis –para los traslados intracomunitarios – y con las medidas de proteccion previstas en el Convenio de la Haya de 1996 –entre los Estados parte– y el procedimiento del Capitulo IV bis de la LEC espanola. Los p…
A parametric analysis of the transient behavior of lightning protection systems
2005
The paper have the purpose of investigate the influence of different parameters to enable better understanding of the transient performance of complex lightning protection systems (LPS). Lightning discharges constitute the major source of atmospheric or natural noise that can interfere with electric and electronic installations. The electromagnetic characterisation of the LPS environment plays a fundamental role in order to prevent unwanted coupling phenomena that may generate abnormal signals, electric stresses dangerous for the insulation of electric components, disruptive discharges and danger to persons. The model, developed by the authors, is based on a field-approach: the numerical so…