Search results for "Protein isoform"
showing 10 items of 182 documents
Ligand-binding domain determines endoplasmic reticulum exit of AMPA receptors.
2010
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ion channels that mediate rapid glutamate signaling in neurons and many non-neuronal cell types. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control mechanisms permit only correctly folded functional receptors to be delivered to the cell surface. We analyzed the biosynthetic maturation and transport of all 12 GluA1–4 subunit splice variants as homomeric receptors and observed robust isoform-dependent differences in ER exit competence and surface expression. In contrast to inefficient ER exit of both GluA3 splice forms and the flop variants of GluA1 and GluA4, prominent plasma membrane expression was observed for the other AMPAR isoforms. Surprisingly, deletion …
Cockroach allergens Per a 3 are oligomers
2009
Allergens from cockroaches cause major asthma-related health problems worldwide. Among them Per a 3 belongs to the most potent allergens. Although the sequences of some members of the Per a 3-family are known, their biochemical and biophysical properties have not been investigated. Here we present for the first time a thorough structural characterization of these allergens, which have recently been tested to induce an increase of allergy specific indicators in blood of Europeans. We isolated two Per a 3 isoforms, which occur freely dissolved in the hemolymph as hexamers with molecular masses of 465+/-25kDa (P II) and 512+/-25kDa (P I). Their sedimentation coefficients (S(20,W)) were determi…
The Sequence of a Gastropod Hemocyanin (HtH1 from Haliotis tuberculata)
2000
The eight functional units (FUs), a-h, of the hemocyanin isoform HtH1 from Haliotis tuberculata (Prosobranchia, Archaeogastropoda) have been sequenced via cDNA, which provides the first complete primary structure of a gastropod hemocyanin subunit. With 3404 amino acids (392 kDa) it is the largest polypeptide sequence ever obtained for a respiratory protein. The cDNA comprises 10,758 base pairs and includes the coding regions for a short signal peptide, the eight different functional units, a 3'-untranslated region of 478 base pairs, and a poly(A) tail. The predicted protein contains 13 potential sites for N-linked carbohydrates (one for HtH1-a, none for HtH1-c, and two each for the other si…
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G Protein–Coupled Receptors
2015
The Adhesion family forms a large branch of the pharmacologically important superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As Adhesion GPCRs increasingly receive attention from a wide spectrum of biomedical fields, the Adhesion GPCR Consortium, together with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification, proposes a unified nomenclature for Adhesion GPCRs. The new names have ADGR as common dominator followed by a letter and a number to denote each subfamily and subtype, respectively. The new names, with old and alternative names within parentheses, are: ADGRA1 (GPR123), ADGRA2 (GPR124), ADGRA3 (GPR125), ADGRB1 (BAI1…
Respiratory proteins in Sipunculus nudus--implications for phylogeny and evolution of the hemerythrin family.
2009
Three major classes of respiratory proteins are known, hemoglobin, molluscan and arthropod hemocyanin, and hemerythrin (Hr). Similar to hemoglobin, respiratory Hr is packed into erythrocytes floating in the coelomic fluid and is only known from sipunculids, brachiopods, and priapulids. Owing to this scattered distribution, the presence of Hr is generally assumed to be the plesiomorphic condition without phylogenetic importance. By sequencing 2000 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from Sipunculus nudus, we found 75 Hr-coding ESTs assembled to 20 cDNA contigs classified as four distinct Hr isoforms: three polymeric Hrs (subunit A, A', and B) and the monomeric myo-hemerythrin (myoHr). Phylogeneti…
Spatio-temporal expression of Prospero is finely tuned to allow the correct development and function of the nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster.
2007
0012-1606 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Adaptive animal behaviors depend upon the precise development of the nervous system that underlies them. In Drosophila melanogaster, the pan-neural prospero gene (pros), is involved in various aspects of neurogenesis including cell cycle control, axonal outgrowth, neuronal and glial cell differentiation. As these results have been generally obtained with null pros mutants inducing embryonic lethality, the role of pros during later development remains poorly known. Using several pros-Voila (prosV) alleles, that induce multiple developmental and behavioral anomalies in the larva and in adult, we explored the…
Dscam1 Is Required for Normal Dendrite Growth and Branching But Not for Dendritic Spacing in Drosophila Motoneurons
2014
Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, serves diverse neurodevelopmental functions, including axon guidance and synaptic adhesion, as well as self-recognition and self-avoidance, depending on the neuron type, brain region, or species under investigation. InDrosophila, the extensive molecular diversity that results from alternative splicing of Dscam1 into >38,000 isoforms provides neurons with a unique molecular code for self-recognition in the nervous system. Each neuron produces only a small subset of Dscam1 isoforms, and distinct Dscam1 isoforms mediate homophilic interactions, which in turn, result in repulsion and even spacing of self-processes, while allowing contact with neig…
The Detection of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in Plasma-derived Exosomal RNA Strongly Predicts Resistance to Hormonal Therapy in Metastatic Pro…
2017
Abstract Background The androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) is associated with resistance to hormonal therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Due to limitations of the methods available for AR-V7 analysis, the identification of a reliable detection method may facilitate the use of this biomarker in clinical practice. Objective To confirm AR-V7 as a predictor of resistance to hormonal therapy and develop a new approach to assess AR-V7 by highly sensitive digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in plasma-derived exosomal RNA. Design, setting, and participants Plasma samples were collected from 36 CRPC patients before they began second-line hormonal treatment. …
Induction of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 during embryonic lung development and the influence of IL-13 or maternal allergy.
2009
Background Asthma pathogenesis involves gene and environmental interactions. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33)/Adam33 is a susceptibility gene for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in human beings and mice. ADAM33 is almost exclusively expressed in mesenchymal cells, including mesenchymal progenitors in developing lungs. Objective Because maternal allergy is a risk factor for asthma, we hypothesized that an allergic environment affects ADAM33/Adam33 expression during human and mouse lung development. Methods Human embryonic/fetal lung (HEL) tissues were collected from first-trimester terminations of pregnancy. These were processed immediately or used for explant culture ±…
Filamin C accumulation is a strong but nonspecific immunohistochemical marker of core formation in muscle.
2002
Filamin C is the muscle isoform of a group of large actin-crosslinking proteins. On the one hand, filamin C is associated with the Z-disk of the myofibrillar apparatus and binds to myotilin; on the other hand, it interacts with the sarcoglycan complex at the sarcolemma. Filamin C may be involved in reorganizing the cytoskeleton in response to signalling events and in muscle it may, in addition, fulfill structural functions at the Z-disk. An examination of biopsies from patients with multi-minicore myopathy, central core myopathy and neurogenic target fibers with core-like target formations (TF) revealed strong reactivity of all the cores and target formations with two different anti-filamin…