Search results for "Protein"
showing 10 items of 21431 documents
Developmental changes and acetylcholinesterase activity in the metamorphosing brain ofTenebrio molitor: Correlation to ecdysteroid titers
1994
The brain of Tenebrio molitor exhibited marked fluctuations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity throughout metamorphosis. This was true AChE activity, since it was inhibited by high substrate concentrations and by 10 μM of the specific AChE inhibitor BW284C51 [(1,5-bis'4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide] but not by iso-OMPA (tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide), a cholinesterase (but not AChE) inhibitor. The histochemical AChE activity was localized in the neuropile and the nuclear envelope of neurons and glial cells. The enzyme extracted from brains with 1% Triton X-100 and 1 M NaCl sedimented as a single peak in a sucrose density gradient, with a sedimentation coefficie…
Exercise restores decreased physical activity levels and increases markers of autophagy and oxidative capacity in myostatin/activin blocked mdx mice
2013
The importance of adequate levels of muscle size and function and physical activity is widely recognized. Myostatin/activin blocking increases skeletal muscle mass but may decrease muscle oxidative capacity and can thus be hypothesized to affect voluntary physical activity. Soluble activin receptor IIB (sActRIIB-Fc) was produced to block myostatin/activins. Modestly dystrophic mdx mice were injected with sActRIIB-Fc or PBS with or without voluntary wheel running exercise for 7 wk. Healthy mice served as controls. Running for 7 wk attenuated the sActRIIB-Fc-induced increase in body mass by decreasing fat mass. Running also enhanced/restored the markers of muscle oxidative capacity and autoph…
Expression of R-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, a ketone body converting enzyme in heart and liver mitochondria of ruminant and non-ruminant mammals
1992
1. The properties of rat liver and bovine heart R-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) have been extensively studied in the past 20 years, but little is known concerning the biogenesis and the regulation of this dehydrogenase over different species. 2. In addition, controversial results were often reported concerning the activity, the level and the subcellular location of this enzyme in ruminants. 3. BDH activity found in liver and kidney mitochondria from ruminants (cow and sheep) is low, while it is much higher in rat. 4. However, the enzyme activity is detected in microsomes and in cytosol of liver and of kidney cells from ruminants. These activities are not correlated to ketonaemia lev…
Pharmacological comparison of rat and human melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors in vitro.
2002
Abstract The melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors found in the hypothalamus with important role in regulation of the energy balance. In this study, we performed pharmacological comparison of the rat and human melancortin (MC) 3 and MC4 receptors. We transiently expressed the genes for these receptors individually in a mammalian cell line and determined the binding affinities to several MSH peptides. The results showed no major difference between the rat and human MC3 receptors while the rat MC4 receptor had higher affinity to several peptides compared with the human MC4 receptor. NDP-, α-, β-, γ-MSH, ACTH(1–24), HS014 and MTII had from 5- to 34-fold higher affinity…
Increased mRNAs for procollagens and key regulating enzymes in rat skeletal muscle following downhill running.
1999
The purpose of the study was to investigate pre-translational regulation of collagen expression after a single bout of exercise. We analysed steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels for collagen types I, III and IV, alpha- and beta-subunits of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase (enzymes modifying procollagen chains), and enzyme activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase from rat soleus muscle (MS) and the red parts of quadriceps femoris muscle (MQF) after 12 h and after 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days of downhill (-13.5 degrees ) treadmill running at a speed of 17 m.min-1 for 130 min. Histological and biochemical assays revealed exercise-induced muscle damage in MQF but not MS. Steady-state m…
Is Myeloperoxidase a Key Component in the ROS-Induced Vascular Damage Related to Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes?
2013
AbstractIt is still unclear whether microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes correlate with leukocyte-endothelium interactions and/or myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. In the present study, we found that serum levels of glucose, the rate of ROS and MPO concentration were higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with nephropathy (39.6%) presented higher MPO levels that correlate positively with the albumin/creatinine ratio (r=0.59, p<0.05). In addition, nephropatic patients showed increased leukocyte-endothelium interactions due to an undermining of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) rolling velocity and increased rolling flux and adhesion, which was accompanied by a rise in levels of …
Response of Bone Metabolism Markers to Ice Swimming in Regular Practitioners
2021
Objective: Both exercise and cold exposure cause physiological stress and they often occur in combination. However, the effects of exercise during severe cold on variation in bone metabolism in humans have remained elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in circulating bone metabolism markers after ice swimming (IS).Methods: Eighty-seven women and men aged 42–84 years old were recruited to perform regular IS activities. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium (Ca2+), total phosphorus (Pi), total magnesium (Mg2+), N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID), total propeptide of procollagen 1 (TPINP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) were measured 30 mi…
Stimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise
2018
One of the most striking adaptations to exercise is the skeletal muscle hypertrophy that occurs in response to resistance exercise. A large body of work shows that a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated increase of muscle protein synthesis is the key, but not sole, mechanism by which resistance exercise causes muscle hypertrophy. While much of the hypertrophy signaling cascade has been identified, the initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating stimuli have remained elusive. For the purpose of this review, we define an initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating signal as “hypertrophy stimulus,” and the sensor of such a s…
Restoration of cerebral and systemic microvascular architecture in APP/PS1 transgenic mice following treatment with Liraglutide™.
2015
OBJECTIVE: Cerebral microvascular impairments occurring in AD may reduce Aβ peptide clearance and impact upon circulatory ultrastructure and function. We hypothesized that microvascular pathologies occur in organs responsible for systemic Aβ peptide clearance in a model of AD and that Liraglutide (Victoza(®)) improves vessel architecture. METHODS: Seven-month-old APP/PS1 and age-matched wild-type mice received once-daily intraperitoneal injections of either Liraglutide or saline (n = 4 per group) for eight weeks. Casts of cerebral, splenic, hepatic, and renal microanatomy were analyzed using SEM. RESULTS: Casts from wild-type mice showed regularly spaced microvasculature with smooth lumenal…
C-Reactive Protein Is Elevated Only in High Creatine Kinase Responders to Muscle Damaging Exercise.
2019
The purpose of this study was to investigate if exertional rhabdomyolysis induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise in untrained individuals was associated with histological characteristics of skeletal muscle, creatine kinase (CK) polymorphism or secondary damage. Twenty-six healthy male untrained individuals completed a bout of plyometric exercise (10 sets of 10 maximal squat jumps, with each standardized to achieve at least 95% of individual maximal jump height). Blood samples were taken, and perceived pain was scored immediately before the exercise intervention and 6 h, 1, 2, and 3 days post-intervention. Muscle biopsies were collected 9 or 4 days before (baseline) and 3 days after…