Search results for "Psychotic"

Pharmacokinetics of acute and sub-chronic aripiprazole in P-glycoprotein deficient mice

2010

Abstract Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter localized in the blood–brain barrier, limits the access of multiple xenobiotics to the central nervous system (CNS). For the new antipsychotic aripiprazole and its active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole differences in disposition in blood and brain were investigated after acute and sub-chronic administration in a P-gp knockout mouse model. Methods Serum and brain concentrations of both drugs were measured at several time points 1–24 h after i.p. injection of 10 mg/kg aripiprazole and after 11 days of sub-chronic administration in several tissues. Moreover, the expression of P-gp was determined by Western blot analysis after sub…

A systematic review and combined analysis of therapeutic drug monitoring studies for longacting risperidone

2017

Introduction: This systematic review of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) identifies three long-acting injectable (LAI) risperidone formulations. Areas covered: Limited data is available on two formulations (RBP-7000 and in Situ Microparticle), but 20 TDM articles on the microsphere formulation were found. Risperidone TDM includes the serum concentrations of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, used for calculating: 1) the risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone (R/9-OH-R) ratio (a measure of CYP2D6; values >1 are indicative of a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer) and 2) the total risperidone concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio (a measure of risperidone clearance with a normal value…

Detección de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con psicosis

2011

Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators.

2020

AbstractThe association between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis has been extensively investigated in recent years. An increasing body of research has also focused on the mediating or moderating role of biological and psychological mechanisms, as well as other risk factors that might account for the link between CA and psychosis. We conducted a systematic search of the PsychINFO, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science databases for original articles investigating the role of genetic vulnerabilities, environmental factors, psychological and psychopathological mechanisms in the association between CA and psychosis up to August 2019. We included studies with individuals at different stages of …

Age at First Episode Modulates Diagnosis-Related Structural Brain Abnormalities in Psychosis.

2016

Brain volume and thickness abnormalities have been reported in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, it is unclear if and how they are modulated by brain developmental stage (and, therefore, by age at FEP as a proxy). This is a multicenter cross-sectional case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Patients with FEP (n = 196), 65.3% males, with a wide age at FEP span (12-35 y), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 157), matched for age, sex, and handedness, were scanned at 6 sites. Gray matter volume and thickness measurements were generated for several brain regions using FreeSurfer software. The nonlinear relationship between age at scan (a proxy for age at FEP in patients) and…

Verbal learning and memory and their associations with brain morphology and illness course in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses.

2012

The California Verbal Learning Test and structural brain imaging were administered to 57 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 94 controls in a general population sample. Cases had lower semantic cluster scores. Poorer verbal memory strategies were associated with longer duration of illness and heavier use of antipsychotic medication. After controlling for duration of illness, sex, and total gray matter, poorer verbal memory was associated with lower gray matter volume in the cingulate cortex, juxtapositional lobule, right superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus. After controlling for use of antipsychotic medication, there was an association between higher serial clustering and …

Binding of several phenothiazine neuroleptics to a common binding site of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, orosomucoid.

1983

The interaction of several phenothiazine neuroleptics with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was investigated using circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis techniques. For chlorpromazine only, one high-affinity binding site of the protein was found. The binding of the drug to this single site generated typical polyphasic extrinsic Cotton effects. Since several other phenothiazine neuroleptics gave qualitatively comparable extrinsic Cotton effects in the presence of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and potently inhibited the binding of chlorpromazine to the single site, it was concluded that all phenothiazine derivatives investigated bound preferentially to only one common binding site of the alpha 1-a…

In vitro P-glycoprotein efflux inhibition by atypical antipsychotics is in vivo nicely reflected by pharmacodynamic but less by pharmacokinetic chang…

2011

Abstract Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter of the blood–brain barrier, limits the access of multiple xenobiotics to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus drug-dependent inhibition, induction or genetic variation of P-gp impacts drug therapy. Methods We investigated atypical antipsychotics and their interaction with P-gp. Amisulpride, clozapine, N-desmethylclozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine were assessed in vitro on their inhibitory potential and in vivo on their disposition in mouse serum and brain, and behaviourally on the RotaRod test. In vivo wildtype (WT) and mdr1a/1b double knockout mice (mdr1a/1b (−/−, −/−); KO) were investigated. Results In rhodamine 123 eff…

How to integrate dreaming into a general theory of consciousness—A critical review of existing positions and suggestions for future research

2011

In this paper, we address the different ways in which dream research can contribute to interdisciplinary consciousness research. As a second global state of consciousness aside from wakefulness, dreaming is an important contrast condition for theories of waking consciousness. However, programmatic suggestions for integrating dreaming into broader theories of consciousness, for instance by regarding dreams as a model system of standard or pathological wake states, have not yielded straightforward results. We review existing proposals for using dreaming as a model system, taking into account concerns about the concept of modeling and the adequacy and practical feasibility of dreaming as a mod…

Tratamiento psicofarmacológico del trastorno bipolar en América Latina

2011

Objective: This study assessed the treatment preferences among Latin-American psychiatrists for their bipolar disorder patients and if these preferences reflect the current guidelines. Methods: We designed a survey comprised of fourteen questions. All the questions were aimed at the treatment of bipolar I patients only. We distributed the survey by hand or e-mail to psychiatrists in eight different countries: Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú and Venezuela. Between May 2008 and June 2009, we were able to gather 1143 surveys. Results: As the initial choice of treatment for a bipolar patient who debuts with mania, 61.3% choose a combination of an atypical antipsyc…