Search results for "Psychotic"
showing 10 items of 360 documents
Dopamine agonists in schizophrenia: a review.
1995
Although it is unlikely that the different types of course and severity of schizophrenia are caused by one neurochemical abnormality alone, indirect pharmacological evidence still suggests a relative excess of dopaminergic activity being implicated in the pathogenesis of most of the schizophrenic symptoms, e.g. positive symptomatology. Synthesis and release of dopamine as well as firing rates of dopaminergic neurons are controlled by stimulation of autoreceptors via a negative feedback regulation. Investigations on therapeutic effects of autoreceptor-nonselective dopamine agonists in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results. Dopamine autoreceptor agonists like pramipexole, roxindole,…
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of personality disorders.
2007
These practical guidelines for the biological treatment of personality disorders in primary care settings were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). They embody the results of a systematic review of all available clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the biological treatment of three specific personality disorders, namely borderline, schizotypal and anxious/avoidant personality disorder in addition to some general recommendations for the whole field. The guidelines cover disease definition, classification, epidemiology, course and current knowledge on biological underpinnings, and provide a detailed overview …
Pharmacotherapy of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
2009
Background:In Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), pharmacotherapy is used for the treatment of specific BPD pathology facets, such as cognitive-perceptual, affective, or impulsivity symptoms. Due to the polymorphic phenomenology of the disorder, different classes of drugs are used, e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers.Aims:To evaluate the up-to-date evidence of drug treatment efficacy for BPD.Method:A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials was done. All randomised comparisons of drug vs. placebo, drug vs. drug, or drug vs. a combination of drugs in adult BPD patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised BPD core pathology as de…
Clozapine-related drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: a systematic review.
2020
The Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, multiorganic, and potentially life-threatening drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction, linked to several common drugs, including antiepileptics, antibiotics, and several psychotropic drugs, including clozapine. Due to the importance of clozapine in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, a systematic review and characterization of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome is long overdue.This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases were independently reviewed up to 1 November 2019 for articles reporting clozapine-relat…
Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics in Atypical Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics
2021
Over the last two decades, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics have been increasingly used in clinical practice in Psychiatry due to the high variability regarding response and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Specifically, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have different pharmacokinetic profile than oral formulations due to their sustained release characteristics. In addition, most of these drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6, whose interindividual genetic variability results in different metabolizer status and, consequently, into different plasma concentrations of the drugs. In this context, there is consistent evidence which supports the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TD…
What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging
2020
Abstract MRI‐derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis‐driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Workin…
Personality Profile in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia
2021
Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive (healthy orthorexia, HeOr) forms. To date, few studies have been carried out to analyze the personality profile associated with orthorexia, and the results have been contradictory. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristic pathological personality traits associated with OrNe and HeOr. A total of 297 participants (Mage= 30.8 years; 94.6% women) from the general population completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) questionnaires. Results showed significant low-medium correlations between OrNe and the four personality…
SCHIZOFRENIA E ADATTAMENTO NEL CASO DI BEATRICE
2017
This paper is focused on the outcomes of psychotic functioning and, in particular, on individual and contextual elements that could influence the level of adjustment of a patient with schizophrenia. The case of Beatrice, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 23, is analyzed using the personal diary that she herself compiled over about fifty years, in which she documented the fundamental events of her life. In the story of B. certain protective factors were highlighted, which enabled B. to have a good quality of life: effective pharmacological therapy with no side-effects, awareness of the pathology, the capacity to build satisfying interpersonal relationships and her religious …
Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of the efficacy, safety, and biological effects of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in patients with …
2019
ObjectiveOur aim was to summarize the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine, amphetamines, and methylphenidate in schizophrenia.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review, searching PubMed/Scopus/Clinicaltrials.gov for double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of psychostimulants or atomoxetine in schizophrenia published up to 1 January 2017. A meta-analysis of outcomes reported in two or more studies is presented.ResultsWe included 22 studies investigating therapeutic effects of stimulants (k=14) or measuring symptomatic worsening/relapse prediction after stimulant challenge (k=6). Six studies of these two groups plus one additional study investigated biological effects of psychostimu…
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of minocycline in schizophrenia
2017
ObjectiveOur aim was to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of adjunctive minocycline as a treatment of schizophrenia.MethodsWe conducted a PubMed/Scopus database search from inception to 3 February 2016 for randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), open non-randomized studies, and case reports/series evaluating minocycline in patients with schizophrenia. Random-effects meta-analysis of positive, negative, depressive, and cognitive symptom rating scales, discontinuation and adverse effects rates calculating standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratios±95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were calculated.ResultsSix RCTs were eligible (mino…