Search results for "Punishment"

Trust and punishment

2021

Abstract This paper explores the impact of institutions on the evolution of preferences (culture) and on economic outcomes. Punishment institutions determine the capacity and the individual cost of punishing opportunistic behavior, while preferences are endogenous and can be influenced by a cultural transmission process that is conditioned by the existing punishment institutions. We investigate the interaction and evolution between the preferences for reciprocity or rewarding of the allocator and the preferences to punish hostile behaviour by the investor in a trust game with a costly punishment phase. Our main result provides a rationale for the existence of a strong positive relationship …

Personality and reinforcement: An exploration using a maze-learning task

1995

A computerized maze learning task was investigated under control, reward and punishment, provided by differing financial reinforcement contingencies. The relationships between speed crossing the maze and anxiety and impulsivity personality traits were explored. Anxiety is hypothesized to reflect a behavioural inhibition system active in punishing environments; and impulsivity, to reflect an activation system active in rewarding environments. Of the measures of impulsivity taken, only one—venturesomeness from the I7—was associated significantly with increased maze crossing speed; this was found particularly in the reward condition and in males. Several anxiety variables were associated with …

Creating sanctioning norms in the lab: the influence of descriptive norms in third-party punishment

2019

ABSTRACTThird-party punishment is a form of peer-to-peer sanctioning that is influenced by descriptive norms. The present study aims to investigate how aggregate peer punishment and the presence of...

Se a grandi ingiustizie corrispondono grandi punizioni. Alcune riflessioni sul lessico della sanzione divina in Erodoto

2016

In uno dei passi più rilevanti dell’opera Serse annuncia ai notabili persiani di voler conquistare la Grecia. L’attacco, secondo il ‘νόμος espansionistico’ inaugurato dai suoi predecessori, porterà non solo gloria all’impero persiano ma permetterà inoltre di conquistare una terra fertile e di ottenere finalmente “ἅμα τιμωρίην τε καὶ τίσιν”. Gli Ateniesi, che per primi hanno intrapreso azioni ingiuste contro la Persia, pagheranno per ciò che hanno fatto. Come rendere l’ideale retributivo espresso da questi due vocaboli utilizzati insieme? Esiste per lo storico di Alicarnasso una chiara distinzione tra un atto punitivo e uno meramente ritorsivo? Lo studio delle forme di causalità presenti nel…

Bernard E. Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets; Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), pp. 336, $29…

2015

Singing the News of Punishment

2021

Abstract This article explores the pan-European phenomenon of the execution ballad, songs that told the news of true crimes and their punishment by public execution. Looking at examples across nine languages, from the sixteenth through the nineteenth century, this comparison reveals that these ballads share multiple features in textual content and format: a recognisable, formulaic narrative; sensationalist and emotive language; and a conservative perspective that confirms that the condemned is guilty and that ‘justice’ is being served. We also note key regional differences, such as in the use (or not) of contrafactum, the setting of new lyrics to familiar melodies, in the use of the first v…

Controlling the image of the teacher’s body under authoritarianism: the case of Soviet Latvia (1953–1984)

2017

The ideal of the Soviet teacher can be revealed in Soviet mass media, but historians are challenged by the question “what was the actual reality”? Therefore, we addressed the reality of the Soviet ...

La Inquisició de València contra Vicent Navarro (1750-1757), Diego Ramírez (1742) i Pedro Navarro (1588), tres casos de bestialisme

2019

Resum: La sodomia i el bestialisme han estat considerats al llarg de l’edat mitjana i moderna com un dels màxims exponents del pecat de luxúria. El «crim nefand», entés com una ofensa directa a Déu, va ser perseguit per diversos corpus jurídics arreu de l’Europa cristiana, i els autors del «crim contra natura» sovint eren condemnats a la foguera. Tanmateix, pel que fa als processos que ací presentem, les penes amb què els acusats van porgar els seus crims van ser més benèvoles. Aquest és el cas de Vicent Navarro, que va commutar la pena capital per la de galeres; o Pedro Navarro, que va haver de patir el desterrament. Desconeixem la sentència de Diego Ramírez, per bé que, a més de bestialis…

Vicarious liability for the carrier by river ?

2007

AbstractA case-study of a litigation during the years 1566–1574 between merchants from Oudenaarde and the Corporation of Free Shippers in Ghent shows that the corporation's liability for damage caused by one of its members was controversial. Although art. 20 of the ordinance of 14 February 1541 appeared to phrase the corporation's vicarious or subsidiary liability in general terms, the corporation's counsel, assisted by consultancies from a.o. E. Leoninus and J. Wamesius, successfully argued that in the light of the ordinance's rationale, which limited the free shippers' privileges in the aftermath of Charles V's punishment of Ghent in 1540, the corporation's liability had correspondingly t…

The locked psychiatric ward: hotel or detention camp for people with dual diagnosis.

2013

The concepts of autonomy and liberty are established goals in mental health care; however, involuntary commitment is used towards people with mental health and substance abuse problems (dual diagnosis).To explore how patients and staff act in the context of involuntary commitment, how interactions are described and how they might be interpreted.Ethnographic methodology in a locked psychiatric ward in Norway.Two parallel images emerged: (a) The ward as a hotel. Several patients wanted a locked ward for rest and safety, even when admission was classified as involuntary. The staff was concerned about using the ward for real treatment of motivated people, rather than merely as a comfortable hot…