Search results for "R12"

Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des villes européennes. Faut-il préférer la géographie, le climat institutionnel ou les réseau…

2013

Knowledge spillovers within urban economies are also sources of spillovers between cities. We examine how knowledge spillovers influenced the economic growth of 82 European metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers between cities on the basis of five specific interaction patterns based on geography, networks of multinational firms in advanced services, institutional climate and two combinations of these factors. Spatial models are estimated to detail the effects of growth factors in terms of spillovers and externalities. We show that spillovers are local rather than global and that interactions among cities accelerate the convergence process based on gross value …

Proximité et formation des villes : le rôle des externalités d’information

1998

International audience

Novel GPR120 agonist TUG891 modulates fat taste perception and preference and activates tongue-brain-gut axis in mice

2020

GPR120 is implicated as a lipid receptor in the oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids. However, the effects of GPR120 activation on dietary fat intake or obesity are not clearly understood. We investigated to determine whether the binding of TUG891, a novel GPR120 agonist, to lingual GPR120 modulates fat preference in mice. We explored the effects of TUG891 on obesity-related hormones and conducted behavioral choice tests on mice to better understand the physiologic relevance of the action of TUG891. In cultured mouse and human taste bud cells (TBCs), TUG891 induced a rapid increase in Ca2+ by acting on GPR120. A long-chain dietary fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), also recruited Ca2+ …

Zizyphin modulates calcium signalling in human taste bud cells and fat taste perception in the mouse.

2017

Zizyphin, isolated from Zizyphus sps. leaf extracts, has been shown to modulate sugar taste perception, and the palatability of a sweet solution is increased by the addition of fatty acids. We, therefore, studied whether zizyphin also modulates fat taste perception. Zizyphin was purified from edible fruit of Zizyphus lotus L. Zizyphin induced increases in [Ca2+]i in human taste bud cells (hTBC). Zizyphin shared the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pool and also recruited, in part, Ca2+ from extracellular environment via the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Zizyphin exerted additive actions on linoleic acid-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in these cells, indicating that zizyphin does no…

The oral lipid sensor GPR120 is not indispensable for the orosensory detectionof dietary lipids in the mouse

2014

International audience; Implication of the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor GPR120, also termed free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4), in the taste-guided preference for lipids is a matter of debate. To further unravel the role of GPR120 in the "taste of fat", the present study was conducted on GPR120-null mice and their wild-type littermates. Using a combination of morphological (i.e. immunohistochemical staining of circumvallate papillae - CVP), behavioral (i.e. two-bottle preference tests, licking tests and conditioned taste aversion) and functional studies (i.e. calcium imaging in freshly isolated taste bud cells - TBC), we show that absence of GPR120 in oral cavity was not associated…

The determinants of conversion rates in SME e-commerce websites

2018

Abstract Web retailers invest significant resources to improve the proportion of website visitors that make a purchase, also known as the conversion rate. Improving this rate is particularly important to SMEs that have traditionally lagged behind larger firms as they have found it difficult to justify the significant investment involved in website development against the historical low returns associated with an online sales channel. Identifying methods that increase conversion rates reduces these perceived barriers and increases effective SME participation in the growing e-commerce sector. This paper uses 1184 observations from 6 SME websites to identify and analyse the factors, or combina…

Estimating Verdoorn law for Italian firms and regions

2011

In empirical regional economics, returns to scale are typically estimated at the regional level in search for evidence on alternative theories of growth and agglomeration. However, returns to scale may also have a firm-level dimension. In this paper, we exploit micro level data and estimate the dynamic Verdoorn law in a multilevel-setting, where returns to scale are obtained simultaneously for the micro and the regional level. Using Italian firm-level data and the NUTS-3 level of aggregation, we estimate the classic and augmented versions of Verdoorn law for the manufacturing sector, and the rest of the economy for comparison. Our results show that increasing returns to scale co-exist at bo…

Cell signaling mechanisms of oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat: Advances and challenges

2013

CD36 and two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), i.e., GPR120 and GPR40, have been implicated in the gustatory perception of dietary fats in rodents. These glycoproteins are coupled to increases in free intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations, [Ca²⁺](i), during their activation by dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). The transient receptor potential type M5 (TRPM5) channel, activated by [Ca²⁺](i), participates in downstream signaling in taste bud cells (TBC). The mice, knocked-out for expression of CD36, GPR120, GPR40 or TRPM5 have a reduced spontaneous preference for fat. The delayed rectifying K⁺ (DRK) channels believed to lie downstream of these receptors are also important players in fat ta…

Impact of long chain fatty acids on sweet taste sensitivity in mice. Role of the GPR120/GLP-1 signaling

2011

La desigualdad económica regional en América Latina (1895-2010)

2020

En este artículo se analiza por primera vez el crecimiento y la evolución de la desigualdad regional a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo económico de nueve países de Latinoamérica (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela) entre 1895 y 2010. Para ello, en primer lugar se verifica la presencia de un proceso de beta-convergencia entre los países latinoamericanos para la totalidad del periodo. No obstante, se muestra cómo este proceso fue especialmente intenso durante los periodos en los que los diferentes Estados implementaron políticas activas de desarrollo (ISI) que favorecieron la convergencia entre las regiones de un mismo país. En segundo lugar, se …