Search results for "RADIOTHERAPY"

The Potential Role of Lung Ultrasound B-Lines for Detection of Lung Radio-Induced Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients after Radiation Therapy.

2016

Breast cancer patients exposed to doses of radiation after radiotherapy could develop toxicity to lung. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is able to detect interstitial lung disease by the evaluation of B-lines. The aim of our study was to assess the number of B-lines to diagnose lung involvement after chest radiotherapy.We measured LUS B-lines in the treated and contralateral lung of 20 breast cancer patients, 1-3 months after the end of radiotherapy and 1 year after previous LUS. The sum of the B-lines number in the 72 sites on anterior and posterior chest yielded a global B-lines score.B-lines were more numerous in treated (median: 21; 1st-3rd quartiles: 11-31) versus untreated hemithorax (median: 3…

Inguinal Reconstruction Using Pedicled Rectus Abdominis Flap: A Useful Option for the Application of Radiotherapy.

2019

Given their high rate of complications, radical surgical procedures of anorectal and gynecological tumors require a reliable and individualized reconstruction. The latter is influenced by the frequent indication of adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy that they present. We describe the case of a patient with medical history of vulvar carcinoma that required radical surgery and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. Because of the stage of the tumor, the application of postoperative radiotherapy was clinically indicated; however, after surgery, the patient developed bilateral inguinal ulcers that made postoperative radiotherapy application impossible. Using a radical surgical approach in combination wit…

Could alanine/EPR dosimetry be useful for ultra-high dose rate beams used for FLASH radiotherapy?

In the last years a large interest has aroused towards radiation therapy treatments with dose rates much larger with respect to the conventional ones since experiments support the evidence of a considerable normal tissue sparing effect. Indeed, in-vivo experiments showed an increasing of the therapeutic window for dose rates over 50 Gy/s [2]. If confirmed, the ‘FLASH effect’ has the potential to re-shape the future of radiation treatments, with a significant impact on many oncology patients. Significant dosimetric challenges should be dealt with for Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) beams for FLASH radiotherapy [4]. In particular, ionization chambers are affected by ion recombination effects, alt…

Dosimetric characterization of an ultra-high dose rate beam for FLASH radiotherapy through alanine EPR dosimetry

2022

Experimental evidence is growing, supporting the evidence of a considerable normal tissue sparing effect when treatments are delivered with dose rates much larger with respect to the conventional ones [1]. In particular, an increasing of the therapeutic window has been demonstrated for dose rates over 50 Gy/s, over a large variety of in-vivo experiments [2]. If confirmed, the ‘FLASH effect’ has the potential to re-shape the future of radiation treatments, with a significant impact on many oncology patients [3]. Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) beams for FLASH radiotherapy present significant dosimetric challenges [4]. Ionization chambers are affected by ion recombination effects, although novel …

The interplay between the immune system and chemotherapy: emerging methods for optimizing therapy.

2013

Preclinical studies have revealed an unexpected ability of the immune system to contribute to the success of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Anticancer therapies can trigger immune system activation by promoting the release of danger signals from dying tumor cells and/or the elimination of immunosuppressive cells. We have, however, recently discovered that some chemotherapies, such as 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine, exert conflicting effects on anticancer immune responses. Although 5-fluorouracil and Gem selectively eliminated myeloid-derived suppressive cells in tumor-bearing rodents, these chemotherapies promoted the release of IL-1β and the development of pro-angiogenic IL-17-producing CD…

Monte Carlo simulation of the response of ESR dosimeters added with gadolinium exposed to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons

2009

Abstract Monte Carlo numerical calculations of the response of alanine and ammonium tartrate ESR (electron spin resonance) dosimeters exposed to neutron fields with different energy spectra are reported. Results have been obtained for various gadolinium concentrations inside the dosimeters. Furthermore, in order to simulate the in-phantom response we have carried out calculations by varying the depth of the dosimeter. We have found that a large enhancement is obtained for thermal neutrons, because of the very high capture cross section of gadolinium to thermal neutrons. A good enhancement was obtained for epithermal neutrons, whereas the sensitivity improvement in the case of fast neutron i…

Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: what has changed over time?

2021

The role and timing of radiotherapy (RT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) remains controversial. While recent trials support the oncological safety of early salvage RT (SRT) compared to adjuvant RT (ART) in selected patients, previous randomized studies demonstrated that ART might improve recurrence-free survival in patients at high risk for local recurrence based on adverse pathology. Although ART might improve survival, this approach is characterized by a risk of overtreatment in up to 40% of cases. SRT is defined as the administration of RT to the prostatic bed and to the surrounding tissues in the patient with PSA recurrence after surgery but no …

Minor changes in the macrocyclic ligands but major consequences on the efficiency of gold nanoparticles designed for radiosensitization

2016

International audience; Many studies have been devoted to adapting the design of gold nanoparticles to efficiently exploit their promising capability to enhance the effects of radiotherapy. In particular, the addition of magnetic resonance imaging modality constitutes an attractive strategy for enhancing the selectivity of radiotherapy since it allows the determination of the most suited delay between the injection of nanoparticles and irradiation. This requires the functionalization of the gold core by an organic shell composed of thiolated gadolinium chelates. The risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis induced by the release of gadolinium ions should encourage the use of macrocyclic chelat…

Evaluation of proton MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla without endorectal coil in patients with a localized prostate cancer treated with exclusive radiother…

2011

Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumour affecting the male population. When the prostate is not removed and is treated with radiation therapy, PSA slowly decreases over time to reach its nadir, even sometimes 18 to 24 months after the completion of radiation therapy without combined androgen suppression therapy. When combined with hormones, PSA falls abruptely with no possibility to perceive the impact of either hormones or radiation effects on PSA.The optimal value of PSA that should be reached after radiation therapy (nadir) and time to this nadir are still unclear.Even when a satisfactory value of the PSA nadir is reached, on-going variations of the PSA and its “bounce” effects, whic…

Comparison of two different lingual flap advancement techniques and vascular structure identification: a human cadaver study.

2022

Background: One of the most frequent complications in guided bone regeneration (GBR) is wound dehiscence, which compromises treatment outcomes. Thus, primary tension-free suture is essential to avoid wound dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to compare the extension of 2 different mandibular flaps in human cadaveric specimens, and to measure the size of the supraperiosteal blood vessels. Material and methods: Five freshly unfrozen human cadaveric specimens were used. Arteries and veins were marked and bilateral classical lingual flaps (extending from the second premolar to the retromolar area) were prepared. In one side, the mylohyoid muscle was detached to increase the coronal extens…